Exponential Smoothing and Fast Food Essay

Choose one of the forecasting methods and explain the rationale behind using it in real life. I would choose to use the exponential smoothing forecast method. Exponential smoothing method is an average method that reacts more strongly to recent changes in demand than to more distant past data. Using this data will show how the forecast will react more strongly to immediate changes in the data. This is good to examine when dealing with seasonal patterns and trends that may be taking place. I would find this information very useful when examining the increased production of a product that appears to be higher in demand in the present than in the past Taylor (2011). For example, annual sales of toys will probably peak in the months of March and April, and perhaps during the summer with a much smaller peak. This pattern is likely to repeat every year, however, the relative amount of increase in sales during March may slowly change from year to year. During the month of march the sales for a particular toy may increase by 1 million dollars every year. We could add to our forecasts for every March the amount of 1 million dollars to account for this seasonal fluctuation. Describe how a domestic fast food chain with plans for expanding into China would be able to use a forecasting model. By looking at the data of other companies the fast food chain would be able to put together a forecast to determine if their business venture was viable. They could examine the sales data and determine through a exponential smoothing forecast if it made sense for them to enter into the market. This would show the trends and changes in the data more recently rather than in past time. The fast food industry of China is experiencing phenomenal growth and is one of the fastest growing sectors in the country, with the compounded annual growth rates of the market crossing 25%. Further, on the back of changing and busy lifestyle, fast emerging middle class population and surging disposable income, the industry will continue to grow at apace in coming years. What is the difference between a causal model and a time- series model? Give an example of when each would be used. The time series model is based on using historical data to predict future behavior Taylor (2011). This method could be used by a construction work, retail store, fast food restaurant or clothing manufacturer to predict sales for an upcoming season change. For example, new homebuilders in US may see variation in sales from month to month. But analysis of past years of data may reveal that sales of new homes are increased gradually over period of time. In this case trend is increase in new home sales. The causal model uses a mathematical correlation between the forecasted items and factors affecting how the forecasted item behaves. This would be used by companies who do not have access to historical data therefore they would use a competitors available data. For example, the sales of ice cream will increase when the temperature outside is high. You will see more and more people going to the stores buying ice cream, freeze pops and other cold items when it is hot. When it is cold you will see more people buying coffee, hot chocolate, and cappuccino. What are some of the problems and drawbacks of the moving average forecasting model? One problem with the moving average method is that it does not take into account data that change due to seasonal variations and trends. This method works better in short run forecast†¦

Assessing Youth’s Education Relative to Health-related Issues and Concerns

Almost half of the world’s population today is being occupied by the young people, or also known as the youth. As a matter of fact, almost three-billion people around the globe are within/under the age of twenty-five years old, 85% of whom are living in developing countries (United Nations Population Fund, 2005) – and such is expected to rise for another thirty years (Ashford, et al, 2006). In a World Youth Report (2003) of the United Nations, it was cited that around half of the world’s inhabitants are less than twenty years old. Furthermore, in its 2006 data sheet, the World Youth Report specified that it has been projected that people under twenty-five years old will reach a population of 3. 13-billion in 2010 and will increase to 3. 13-billion in 2030. Basing the aforementioned figures, it can be deemed that the world is being comprised by the younger generations. In hindsight, one can gain the idea that nearly half of the world’s human resources are the youth (Van, 2000). It is in this juncture that one can realise the importance of taking good care of the young since they are the present and the future of the world. Their becoming can shape the world’s future; thus, they play a crucial role in the present society. It is even believed by many that youths are the prime movers towards global integration, and prosperous future for their respective organisations and nations (Fenech, 1998). One of the best ways of taking good care the young people is by looking into their needs. Notably, the high school age youth are more vulnerable to changes and the things that are happening around them. In this transition stage, they are exposed to physical changes, and the abrupt developments in their emotions, intelligence and sociability (Cox, 1999). It is also in this phase wherein they are searching for their identity and seeking for intimacy from the opposite sex. They become more aggressive and curious for the things that they have not experienced or known. In this effect, young people need proper guidance in how to cope up with these changes. They need support system that will understand their pains, dreams, frustrations and ideas (Familydoctor. rg, 2000). They need someone who is open-minded enough to understand what the young people are undergoing within the context of this modern time. It is in this basis that proper education should be served most especially to the young people. Accordingly, education equips the young for adulthood as it aids for their development of physical and cognitive skills (Lloyd, 2005). Thus, proper education is the basic need among the young peo ple. According to Lloyd (2005), schooling also plays an essential role in the young people’s health. Health concerns among this young generation is mostly brought upon by unsafe sex and, sometimes, the promiscuous lifestyle caused by raging hormones and pressure from peer groups. In some youth assessments, it was found out that students who are in high school are most likely not to indulge in sex than those out-of-school-youth within that age bracket. Meanwhile, in order to check whether the need of the youth for proper education is really being served to them, it is only proper to have assessments for such. And since education plays an integral part for the health among the youth (as mentioned earlier), taking surveys and field researches on the health status of these young people can be one of the tools in assessing if, indeed, the need for proper education among the youth has been met. Youth, Sex Education and Health One of the most prevalent issues besetting the young nowadays is their exposure to the hazardous health problems brought upon mostly by the lack of good education for proper health care. The common dangerous health problems facing the young people are caused by unprotected sex – leading mostly to acquisition of HIV and STDs, early childbirth, and forced abortion. Most cases of death rates claimed by unsafe abortions happened in developing countries (Population Reports, 1997). Furthermore, it was accounted that each year more than 1-million girls (15-19 years old) have unsafe abortions (Murphy and Carr, 2007). Murphy and Carr also cited that only a meager percentage of 35% among 15-19 years old girls use contraception, making them more susceptible to STDs and HIV. It is also not surprising that when it comes to young people getting affected with HIV/AIDS, women outnumber men (Rizvi, Inter Press Service Agency), since gender discrimination and lack of education among women is still much happening in some countries where norms and cultures prevail most of the time. With all of these health risks facing by the youth nowadays, one can construe the importance of health education in schools and in homes – specifically, sex education. According to Murphy and Carr (2007), more educated young women have fewer children and are most likely free from reproductive risks. It was also known that one of the main reasons why many teenagers acquired STDS is because of the lack of knowledge and awareness for safe sex. In the United States, the most common STD among teenagers is HPV with Chlamydia and Gonorrhea (dbtechno. com, 2008). Also, some studies showed that sex education, indeed, help for the decrease of unwanted pregnancies (World Youth Report 2003). Right for Education Seeing the importance of proper education to further uphold the good health each youth deserve, it is only but right to say that education is a right of every young person. Each child, whether in a developed or developing country, deserves free access to education. In this manner, he/she will not just be equipped with the proper knowledge of academe but also the basic learning for value formation, decision-making and health care. Meanwhile, providing free access to basic education does not only contribute the well-being of the youth as he/she grows older, but also the community where he/she belongs. By providing proper education to their citizens as early as nursery, nations, in effect, are actually molding the future of their country. Having a profound educational background, these citizens will be able likely to contribute for the development of their nations by being productive and pro-active members of the community, and not merely as liabilities (Ahmed, 2006). Furthermore, their wide knowledge and awareness to the problems of the world such as the growing number of HIV/AIDS victims enablea them to realize the ill-effects brought by such disease to themselves, to their families, and to their community where they belong at. Free access to education also enables the young to be better citizens, helping for the policy formation of their countries. Being educated will give them the confidence to voice out their opinions and ideas that can help shape the world to be a better one, not to mention upholding the true essence of democratic expression. By this positive result brought upon by proper education, it is, thus, necessary to assess this basic need among the youth by giving attention to the current statistics of youth development (one of which is healthy life). Maltese National Youth Policy The National Youth Policy of Malta is being considered by many as an ideal approach in reaching out to the young generations. Good results and positive feedbacks were gained from this said policy as Maltese youth are becoming more educated and active (especially in politics) in advancing the needs of their fellow youth, onshore and offshore (Euro-Mediterranean Youth Platform). The National Youth Policy of Malta is comprised of provisions, programs and policies that set for the development of the young people within a holistic approach. It oversees the economic, social, cultural, and educational development of the youth as it encourages them to be active citizens in Malta. Importantly, the Maltese National Youth Policy also comprises set of policies that involves for the betterment of the healthy living among Maltese youth wherein it emphasizes the essence of a proper health education. It also recognizes the hazards brought upon by promiscuity and unsafe sex, and the importance of education and promotion of safety standards (National Youth Policy 2005). The Maltese Youth Policy is also being well-taken by the Maltese youth and, even, foreigners who see the effectiveness of such. According to Malta’s Parliamentary Secretariat for Youth, Sport, Culture and the Arts, Mr. Reuben Fenech, the Maltese Government gives importance in increasing awareness amongst youths on the essence of healthy living. He also cited the government’s strategy in mobilizing its young people to participate in government affairs, as well as its commitment for free education to all young Maltese citizens (Fenech, 1998). Notably, young people age 5-16 years old are enti tled for free education in all state schools of Malta as it is every right of a child to have good education (Education in Malta, European Union). Furthermore, the Maltese government also touches on sex education amongst its youths to promote the prevention of sex-related health risks. A youth organization in Malta even ventured for a youth exchange program with Estonia wherein issues on sex, health and gender issues were tackled (Suda, 2006). This practical approach of the Maltese Government towards sex education also opened other people’s perspective on the importance of standardized sex education programme in secondary schools (Medical Association of Malta, 2006). This came on the reality that HIV is a global issue which youths should be made aware of. Furthermore, cases of teenage pregnancies in the country triggered others, especially teenage girls, to embrace the importance of sex education (Bernice and Kim, 2004). The Maltese National Youth Policy has been one of the world’s most recognized youth policies especially in the Euro-Mediterranean Region wherein it serves as basis for programme implementation for the youths outside and within the periphery of the said Region (Swedish Diplomatic Missions Abroad, 2005). It is in this reason the many find it as the better way in dealing with youth needs. The policy has been tried and tested, and viewed effective by many as the natural approach in youth developmental concerns, specifically the relative relationship between proper education and healthy living. It shows that education, above all, is the most important tool in building the being of a young person so that as he/she grows older, his/her decisions will be bounded within the realm of logic and values. Furthermore, free access to education enables the young to be distant from health risks, especially those acquired through unsafe sex. Just like in Malta, youths are being opened to issues of sex and the maturity that goes with it through sex education and making the youths’ inputs relevant in the government’s policymaking. Conclusions The Maltese National Youth Policy is one proof that constant research, surveys, and monitoring is effective in assessing that the needs of the young people are generally being met. It also shows that through proper education, youths will be knowledgeable in their dealings with their community and how to have a healthy lifestyle. With all those abovementioned details, one can still conclude that the basic need of every young people in this world is education. And living within the context of the modern time, sex education should be included in every school’s curriculum. This is to prevent teenage pregnancies and abortion, and the acquisition of HIV/AIDS/STDs (World Youth Report, 2003) as many young people are living with great risks for sex-acquired health problems (Ashford, et al, 2006). As a matter of many opinions, sex education should start as early as the child turns 2-year old, and that parents should be the first â€Å"educators† for such (Varner, 2008 and REC, 2006). The effectiveness of sex education can also be construed by surveys that reflected low incidents of unwanted pregnancies among schools that taught sex education (BBC News, 2007). It cannot be prevented, though, that there are still some individuals who are conservative and are not receptive on the idea of sex education and distribution of contraception among the youths (May, 2008). The need for a proper education can also have multiply effects to the well-being of the youth. It primarily affects how one should take care himself/herself, and to keep one’s body and mind always healthy. Thus, assessing the need for youth education is also, in a way, can trickle down in the assessment of youth health – as shown in most studies that unhealthy living and acquired diseases are mostly caused by lack of knowledge and education. Seeing this intertwining relationship of education and health needs among youth, one can surmise that investing in both aspects in the lives of the young people is a must (Nair, 2002). Educational system should be designed within the context of the modern time as the needs of these young people are changeable as years passed. There should be an open communication between the young people and their respective governments so that both will know what to expect from each other, making policymaking and programme formulations for the youth a lot easier. The government should be present all the time to assist and facilitate the needs of the young people as they face challenges that are far greater than they were still children (Bush, 2007). To assess if the basic needs for good education and proper health care among the youths are being met, there should be consistent surveys and accurate first-hand accounts in the grassroots. In this manner, it would be also easier to immediately identify further problems and concerns besetting the young people as time flies.

Report on The Green Tea whitening Series Launching Program Assignment

Report on The Green Tea whitening Series Launching Program - Assignment Example In the scanning process, it evaluates the three major competitors of Ginvera. It also gives the result of SWOT analysis. The planning stage also outlines the best marketing strategies for the launching program. It gives detailed findings by describing the best planning process for the launching event. The doing stage states how the marketing team would implement the plans for the launch, and how they would evaluate the success of the event. It concludes with the finding and gives recommendations on how the organization could improve on the launching program. Dr.Tor Lam Huat established The Ginvera Beauty Company in 1985. It originated from Singapore but with time, it has grown and established itself in more than fifteen countries, including Europe. The majority of the consumers associate this company to its Bio-essence products, such as the face lifting cream, and the wide range of products it has launched in the past (Kimoko, 2011). The beauty products involve skin care, body care a nd hair care products. The company’s mission is to be a caring and innovative organization that brings youthfulness and beauty to the public (L.D.Waxson (S) Pte Ltd, 2013). It has a special concern for its consumers and, therefore, strives to manufacture products that are safe and user friendly. It has a vision of being the leading global manufacturing organization for beauty products (Group History, 2013). The company has manufactured a new product, The Green Tea whitening Series. The skin care product protects the skin from damage from the sun’s rays because of its green tea content that delays the oxidation process, hence, an anti-aging product (L.D.Waxson (S) Pte Ltd, 2013). Therefore, the company had to conduct market research to identify the target market, the best location for the launching event, the best product price, placement and competitors. The researchers collected data through interviewing consumers who used the Ginvera Beauty Products, issued questionn aires to randomly selected consumers from the social media and benchmarked the Injex U.K Ltd that was about to launch its new SHIREEN-Poring cosmetic treatment, which was also an anti-aging product (Jonathan, 2013). The Scanning Phase The research showed that the beauty world is dynamically changing and therefore the best planning framework is the strategic planning process because it is cost-effective and aids employees to adapt to the demanding market. The process involves three phases: the Scanning, planning and doing phases (Gru?nig & Ku?hn 2005, p67). The scanning phase ensures there is an evaluation of the market. The marketing department, in this phase, has to collect and analyze data, which would affect the launching program positively or negatively (Ottman 2011, p121). The collection and analysis of data would ensure that the event is at par with the vision and mission of the organization. From the Shireen benchmark results, the marketing manager has to ensure that the comp any analyses its competitors in order to identify its strengths, opportunities, weaknesses and threats in the market. Competitors There are three major competitors in the market (L.D.Waxson (S) Pte Ltd, 2013). The Ganga Prasad Puneet Kumar has a large product line. It has a better financial position than the Ginvera hence a larger production capacity. Its high level of experience in the R&D department enables it in the production of more innovative products that stand out in the market. An advantage of Ginvera over the company is its high marketing strategies and attractive packaging. The Radico Fashion Pvt Ltd poses as

Nevada week in Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nevada week in Review - Essay Example There has been a rising concern on the amount of money and contributions that these particular groups are raising towards campaigns. The contribution caps may have to be limited to enable greater influence of various groups in the political arena. The current period is important since majority of the politicians are going to their grass roots to seek for voter support and confidence. The existing campaign finance reforms stipulate that the government provide a specified amount of money to aid in the campaign process. It is always important for the special interest groups to contribute to a certain specified limit to give the relevant reform various grounds for debate (VegasPBS). When the special interest groups through their contributions are able to compensate the money channeled towards campaigns, the topic will always remain pending. It is because the money will be though t to be enough. The United States of America is a country that is marked with diverse races. Majority of the people belonging to a different race are in the United States for various reasons. Some are there because they are seeking permanent citizenship while others are there because of work related activities. It is always a basic fact that the voice of such individuals heard since it creates a diversity and opinion about what the diaspora things about the political leaders in the United St ates. Politics in the United States is governed by various acts and clauses found in the constitution of the United States. The existence of peace in the region promotes the development of a good political environment where performance charts and indexes accessibility and previews are available. These presentations are useful components that the citizens adopt to give them the freedom to choose whom they prefer their leaders should be. In my opinion, the voting and election process should be a free and fair exercise.

Ancient Chinese Contributions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ancient Chinese Contributions - Essay Example China is the motherhood of various objects that have become an integral part of every house and office. The inventions suggested by ancient China concern every sphere of human life. They are created to make human life more interesting and convenient. Each of the above-mentioned inventions is very significant and useful for the whole world. Moreover, each of them has an interesting and unique history that is worth paying attention to. Every person saw or played with a kite at least once in his/her life. The first kites were applied by Chinese people. It happened approximately two thousand and eight hundred years ago. It is known that this object was created by Chinese philosophers – Mozi and Lu Ban (Backus 2002). It happened in the fifth century BC. However, the usage of kites was not the same as today. They were applied as a message for a rescue mission. Sometimes kites were used by Chinese people for various purposes – measuring distances, signalling, military communic ation, testing the wind and lifting people. Today people resort to the use of compass in order not to be lost at the forest or in any other unknown place. It is a good device to use in order to find out the right direction. However, today a few people know about the initial role of compass. It was created by Chinese people in order to fulfil various religious purposes. ... In fact, it is the father of modern calculators. Before the invention of abacus people had to use fingers and hands. It was not very convenient. So, China gave the world a better way to count various things. This invention appeared about 3000 B.C. (Challen 2005). This device consisted of beads and wood. It was not very difficult to carry or hold abacus. It is applied even today, when there are computers and calculators at all offices. However, it is still rather convenient to use abacus, because it helps to keep track of numbers.

Discussion 14 702 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion 14 702 - Assignment Example This leads to inefficiency and ineffectiveness and identifies significance of the program in facilitating development and application of contemporary nursing knowledge. The program has also informed me of the contemporary knowledge (Sieloff & Frey, 2007) and its diversity and applicability (Fawcett & DeSanto-Madeya, 2012). I am therefore prepared to assume an active role in development and use of contemporary nursing knowledge and in advocacy for mass transition to reliance on the knowledge for practice. I envision myself as a leader and an advocate of evidence based practice, and I shall pursue the vision through a number of strategies. I shall conduct and publish empirical based studies on effectiveness of evidence-based study in solving healthcare issues and use the results to advocate for the practice. I shall also rely on evidence-based practice in my clinical practice and seek diligence with the aim of demonstrating advantages of the practice. In addition, I shall motivate individuals, teams, and the entire organization through setting examples and through empowering nurses into evidence based practice. I shall rely on my organization’s top management to develop policies for application of evidence-based practice and to avail resources for the same. Resistance is expected at different levels of the organization due to financial implications and required change but I plan to use situational leadership style, with focus on charismatic and transformational styles, in ensur ing change towards use of evidence based practice (Kelly & Tazbir,

Childlink Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Childlink - Essay Example Yet, sometime despite our best efforts, children and even the parents fall further into social problems with crime, substance abuse, and destructive behavior. This creates questions of how to moderate social crisis in families, and relates to the professional development of my career in counseling and social work. Findings, or discussion: The basis for most foster care placements are deterioration of the family structure through crime, substance abuse, domestic violence, and poverty as they combine to create a situation where a child may be taken from his or her birth family to a safer environment under the auspices of Child Protection Services, a court order, or a recommendation from social welfare. The psychological effects of these family traumas may affect all involved in a profound, life-changing manner, hurting the children the worst in learning how to process emotions born out of abusive or abnormal patterns of family behavior. Because of this, I decided to do a literature rev iew of academic sources in psychology and sociology relating to the foster care experience as it is reported from all of the different perspectives in the relationship, including: the child, the birth family, the foster family, the counselor, social services, and the legal or judicial aspects of the process. In reading the academic literature related to psychology, for example, I became interested in child development stages and also the patterns or reactions of the children as they developed through different responses to the alienating situation. I began to realize that some of the children naturally reacted passively to the situation, and that they were apt to close up emotionally more often when confronted with confusion or emotionally charged situations. Conversely, others were always active and aggressive and more apt to resist violently or irrationally when confronted with conflict. The recognitions of patterns of introversion and extroversion led me to the conclusion that di fferent approaches should be prepared in advance to address the needs of the children uniquely, for example introducing activities to calm or moderate the behavior of the active children while attempting to stimulate a more positive response from the withdrawn children. I feel that further research on this topic can lead to a better understanding of what a counselor needs to do in order to recognize signs in individuals and introduce treatment through unique diagnosis of the psychological issues and personality types underlying the individual cases. The same approach can also be taken with regard to family members who are displaying outward signs of substance abuse, or alcoholism. These two combined are the usual gateway to family destruction, especially when intersecting with the prison justice system. The roots of substance abuse in theory are important to academic research for my work at Childlink and also for further progress in the field of social work and counseling. Substance abuse and alcoholism are the most common problems that lead to the further domestic violence, criminal behavior, and deterioration of the family structure that tragically results in foster care. The question of treatment and recovery for those suffering from long term or chronic alcoholism and drug abuse is an important part of my research at Childlink, as they relate as a key cause to the social and personal breakdowns that create the family

Timeliness of the Concepts and Theories of the Practice of Management Essay

Timeliness of the Concepts and Theories of the Practice of Management by Drucker Peter - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the book â€Å"The Practice of Management† by Drucker Peter became famous and a manifesto of the time because it laid bare and explained the topic of management.   In this book, Drucker explained that management was a profession just like law and medicine, and thus it should aim at getting the best from people. The concepts outlined by Drucker became important guidelines for managers and executives of firms in the 1950s. Drucker’s theories and concepts were not only applicable in the 1950s. They are still applicable to today’s firms. According to Drucker, the only sustainable advantages for an organization are the quality and performance of management. This is true of today’s firms in that their performances are a good reflection of the quality and performance of their managers. Currently, firms are more sensitive to the quality of their management than in the past. To back up this theory, Drucker lists the duties of management that are aimed at improving the performance of the firm, these duties still applying to the management of today’s firms. Another theory postulated by Drucker in the book is that managerial capabilities will be challenged by advances in technology and automation because they will produce a highly skilled and highly knowledgeable workforce. Currently, firms are employing managers with high capabilities to lead their highly skilled and highly educated employees. In the book, Drucker explains the concept of the firm and points out six important points under this. First, Drucker states that organizations and managers should be outward looking. Considering today’s firm's managers do not just allow themselves to be influenced by the external environment. Instead, they also try to shape it through creativity. The description of organizations as social institutions still applies to today’s organizations because, in addition to being created and manag ed to be people, they also contribute to the society, economically and socially. Drucker views businesses as organizations pursuing multiple goals, both economic and non-economic. This is true of today’s firms considering that they conduct profit and non-profit making activities like charity works. Drucker identifies innovation as an important concept of a firm and as seen today, firms are placing a great emphasis on innovation, creativity, and entrepreneurship as a way of gaining a competitive advantage over similar firms. Drucker describes the firm as a focused organization. This concept is evident and applicable in today’s firms in that the management always align the resources of their firms towards the achievement of their primary objectives. Finally, the concept of firms as being spirited is still applicable today. Managers of firms develop motivated managers out of their workforce through activities that enhance personal growth among employees. A "big loser" org anization Firestone Tire and Rubber Company is one organization that can be singled out in the history of the 20th century as a big looser organization and the theories and concepts described in by the selections of part III greatly apply to it.

Foundations of Finance and Investment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Foundations of Finance and Investment - Essay Example This paper would go to analyse the Impact on UK exchange rate against US$ over last five years due to recent MPC's 1 cut on interest rate. The pragmatic correlation among money, real output and interest rates has been attributed significantly with business cycle, monetary transmission mechanism, aggregate money demand and identification of monetary policy rules. There is no accords of interest rate to which should be included as an empirical models for exchange rate To providing the analyse the interdependency of Interest rate and Exchange rate, Fisher definition would not be relevant to economic analysis. So this paper would follow Keynes and other post-Keynesians notion of real rate and exchange rate. Smithin, J. (2003) mentioned that regulating interest rates for exchange rate cannot guard the purchasing power and it is quite unfeasible to do at the macroeconomic level. There is an empirical evidence of the break in the relationship between interest rates, exchange rate and inflation ever since 1953. The present analysis of UK interest rate cut and impact on US$ are relevant to specifying the monetary policy system pursued by the two monetary authorities. This paper assumes that the monetary authority regulates the short-term ostensible interest rate. According to classical Taylor theory the instrument is set to act in response to domestic inflation as well as output gap. On the other hand in open-economy model specificities more controversial reasoning the set of variables in the direction of which monetary policy can react is superior. The present strategy is to discover the consequences for the equilibrium allotment of simple rules, which lead to equilibrium that can be worked out analytically to understanding the transmission mechanism under open economies. The analyse go with three regimes and label as: - a) a fixed exchange rate; b) a floating exchange rate c) a managed exchange rate, Theoretical Aspect of Interest Rate First level let consider the rules that establish a fixed nominal exchange rate. Pigeon, M. A. (2004) added that it would demonstrate that in principle numerous fixed exchange rate regimes subsist on the specification of the fundamental rules. Thus a floating regime that is defined as a command in which the interest rates in both countries don't respond explicitly to the exchange rate. It would be characterised as where & is non-negative; here its combination of rules as floating command . These rules have been broadly used in the closed-economy literature. Most of the policymaker reacts to precedent movements in the interest rate, present household producer inflation rate and output gap. According to classical Taylor rules, the coefficients and are zeros.2 Benigno, G, & Benigno, P. (2006) argued within the floating-exchange regime, we consider also rules in which the reaction is toward the domestic

Health Care - a Look into the Career Path of the Industry Essay

Health Care - a Look into the Career Path of the Industry - Essay Example Upon consideration on the extent of his responsibilities, Chris has discovered that the ground rules of the medical service are its ability to provide such under a sincere and qualified personnel who is expected to extend its full support over the patient and his family. At the same time, such responsibilities extend and uphold the interest of the company that works in collaboration with other insurance companies. Costs of services are then considered to be in conjunction with a pre-approved limit that carries an effective balance of duties and responsibilities. Similarly, certain conflicts arise when the balance is distorted and medical errors in the clinical institution attract a situation in stark comparison to the ethics and laws that the company stakeholders believed in while protecting their best interests. Conflict of laws certainly worked against the achievement of a certain purpose, especially where reduction results in decreased quality of service against a continuum of care provided for the patient. The question of, sacrificing and allowing cost to impede the quality of service provides as the main considerable conflict in the case. Superficially, we can identify the surface conflict within the principles of business ethics that Chris is tasked to investigate and create certain essential components and probable solutions within the scope of his study. It is a proven fact that the highly technical gadgets in the health industry costs formed a considerable amount of money as an investment. Stakeholders expect to maintain appropriate cost control factors against an affordable health program commonly available for all. Yet, every labour force knows the hardships encountered just to maintain a scenario that best creates a win-win solution for the patient and family and the health provider. It is but difficult to consider such factors especially when cost drivers associate the prescription drugs cost, current medical; device, government mandates an litigation and risk management and the future  of the health industry and its day-to-day operations.  

Human Growth and Development Essay Example for Free

Human Growth and Development Essay Four phases of development Early Childhood Early childhood describes the years from ages two to six. During early childhood, the body no longer grows at the rapid pace that it did during the first two years of life. On average children add two to three inches in height and about 5 pounds in weight each year (Berk, 2006). The weight increase is due mainly to increases in the size of the skeleton and muscular systems as well as some body organs. Consequently, posture and balance changes that support gains in motor coordination. Cognitive development – Children begin to make gains in tasks that depend on the frontal cortex and language skills and motor coordination increase at an astonishing rate. Children begin to gain the ability to control impulses. During the early school –age period, children are constructing a broad overview of how their interpersonal world is structured and where they fit in. They are devising a scheme for self in society. Because children’s life experiences are limited and they are still highly impressionable, the nature of this initial worldview as likely to be very compelling, permeating their outlook in the years ahead. Handedness The period of middle and late childhood involves slow consistent growth. This is a period of calm before rapid growth spurt of adolescence. Among the important aspects of body change in this developmental period are those involving the skeletal system the muscular system and motor skills. Motor Development During middle and late childhood, children’s motor development becomes much smoother and more coordinated. Children’s center of gravity begins to shift and they become more steady on their feet making it easier to balance and complete tasks such as throwing, hitting, catching, hopping, and jumping. Gross Motor As children move through the elementary school years they gain greater control over their bodies and can sit still and pay attention for longer periods of time. However, elementary school children become more fatigued from longer periods of sitting than by more physically active skills. Fine Motor Fine motor skills too take a giant leap forward in the preschool years (Berk, 2006). As young children gain control over their hands and fingers they begin to show success in putting puzzles together, building small blocks, cutting and pasting. Middle School Age Physical Development Cognitive Development Emotional Development Social Development Adolescence Physical Development Cognitive Development Emotional Development Social Development Early Adulthood ages 18-40 For most people earl adulthood involves a common set of tasks: leaving home, completing education, beginning full-time work, attaining economic independence, establishing a long-term sexually and emotionally intimate relationship and starting a gamily (Berk, 2006). Emerging adulthood is a new transitional phase of development extending from late teens to mid twenties. During this period most people have left adolescence but are still some distance from taking on adult responsibilities. Rather they explore alternatives more intensely than they did as teenagers prolonging identity development. Physical Development Once body structures reach maximum capacity and efficiency, biological aging or senescence begins genetically influenced declines in the functioning of organs and systems that are universal in all members of our specials (Cristofalo et. al, 1999). Many factor contribute to biological aging.

Nature and Causes of Resistance to Change

Nature and Causes of Resistance to Change However there are general points that can be made about the concept of organisation change. Before change take place organisation should know some key factors such as; how much change is needed? How much time is required for change to take place? When should change take place? Who should be key performer in change process? And what role should they have? Who benefits from change and harms from it. There are mainly two forces which puts organisation to change; external and internal. First lets took at external forces: Changes in demand for the organisations product or services for example new trends in market place, change in customer preferences, government legislation Aggressive tactics of competitors for example developing an advantageous improvement in product or in service. Arrival of newcomer with advance and low-cost product or service. Takeover of business by more power full organisation Merger and aquitation Change in supplier Change in terms of trade example currency exchange rate, tariff etc Fail to requite skill employees Change in technology available for business in term to more profits. Change in government rules for example taxation, new budge, new labour law The impact of these external forces in terms of change might differ; depending on organisation and industry in which they compete. For example supermarket Retail Company like TESCO and ASDA will give more important to its competitor. While banking organisation like HSBC or Barclays will immediately respond to economic condition or change in government rule. Internal forces which should in theory be more predictable indication of change are as follows: Planned changes in strategy as result of new mission and goals. Sometimes depends on external consideration. Efforts to introduce cultural change for example change in management style, collaborative working. Change in production methods to improve and make better use of resources. Need to improve quality of products or services. For launching new product or services developed by research and development or sales or marketing department. Need to improve standards or services for dealing with suppliers. Need to deploy human resources where they are most effective. Need to Change or upgrade information technology. Dealing with these external forces of change management have plane how they will respond to them. Some potential changes are being declared well in advance and in these cases planning is taken care proactively. Other general issue concerning organisational change include resistance to change the use of key individuals as change agent and cost of implement change. It is important that managers planning changes should acknowledge that some resistance will be unavoidable. All change will incur some direct cost an example of this is equipment cost, relocation cost, recruitment cost, and possible redundancy payment. Apart from this there will be indirect cost like communicating change to employees, providing appropriate training and temporarily redeploying key managers and staff on the projects. Resistance to change: There is not much point in change in change for changes sake. Most people need to be persuaded of need to change. Some people fear it. The reality is that ever human grouping has some forces within it which keep it together and provide it with stability and other which provide it with reason to change or adapt. Kurt Lewin1 illustrated the dilemma neatly with his classic notion of force field theory. This theory suggest that all behaviours is the result of equilibrium between two set of opposite forces what he calls driving forces and restraining forces driving forces push one way to attempt to bring about change; restraining forces push the other way in order to maintain the status quo. Generally speaking human being tends to prefer to use driving forces to bring about change. They want win by exerting pressure on those who oppose them but as Lewins model suggests the more one side push the more other side resists resulting in no change. The better way of overcoming of it is by focusing on the removal, or at least weakening of objection and fear of resisting side. Thus the initial policy should not be how we can persuade them of our arguments for change? But rather what are their objections and how we can deal with them? Lewin developed three-stage approach to changing behaviour which comprises the following step: Unfreezing existing behaviour: gaining acceptance for change. Changing behaviour: adopting new attitudes, modifying behaviours this is mainly done by change agent. Refreezing new behaviour: that is reinforces new patters of thinking or working. The unfreezing stage is aimed at getting people to see that change is not only necessary but is enviable. The change stage is mainly a question of identifying what need to be change in peoples attitude, values and action, and then helping them to acquire ownership of the changes. The role of change agent who is the main person responsible for helping group and individual to accept new ideas and practise is important at this stage. The refreezing stage is aimed at consolidating and reinforcing the change behaviour by various support and mechanisms like encouragement, promotion, participative management and more consultation. Now let look at kotters2 theory about. John kotter a professor at Harvard business school world-renowned his eight step change process in his 1995 book leading change which are as follows: Create and sustain a sense of urgency about the future. Create and empower a leadership team a guiding of coalition. Developed an end goal, vision and strategy to achieving. Constantly communicate new vision and set out what change in behaviour are required. These are four stages are intended to help deforest hardened status quo. Empowering employees to help change happen by removing obstacle such as restrictive organisation structure, lack of necessary skills, inflexible managers and unimaginative reward system. Generating some benefits in short-term so that people can see some tangible improvements on the way to achieving the goal. Consolidating short gain and producing more change by continuing the action taken in stage five, introducing new projects and bringing in more people who are committed to the change that are sought. Embedding the new approaches in organisation culture so as to avoid eventual regression into previous practice. This implies adapting the culture from some earlier model and being prepaid to adapt again the change. INTRODUCTION The change in an organization is important to stay in the competition between the competitors in the business. Change is an inescapable part of social and organizational life. The concept of change in organization may be wide change or small change. Small change in organisation may be like adding new persons, modifying a program wide. Wide changes will be like lay offs, mergers, new technologies and collaboration with a major company. The Nature and Cause of Resistance of Change Employees can also resist change because they will find some new technology and program to learn and there will be new challenges to face and achieve new goals, but rather they will have fear of unknown future and about ability to adopt it. (De Jader 2001) Argues that Most people are reluctant to leave the familiar behind. We are all suspicious about the unfamiliar; we are naturally concerned about how we will get from the old to new, especially if it involves learning something new and risking failure. FORCES (SOURCES) OF CHANGE An organization can have many different forces for change its organization. Awareness of these forces will be helpful to the managers to change their organization by implementing these changes accordingly in time. There are both external and internal forces which are discussed hereunder:- External Forces External forces for change will be originated outside the organization these force of change may have global effects, because organization generally have an external change when they are eventually find that they are running or going out of business. There are basically four key factors for an external change which are discussed below:- Demographic Characteristics The manpower plays a vital role in business. It is like the essence of business while managing effectively in varied work force. This manpower is very varied. Because of the above the establishments have to manage more efficiently in order to receive involvement and dedication to the work from the workforce.- Technological Advancements As the technology is rapidly changing from day to day, they are new innovations, applications which will make the work quiet easy. It is very important to many organizations to use technology and its applications as a means to improve productivity and market competitiveness. Both manufacturing and service organizations are increasingly using technology. The best Example is most Banks in Tanzania using Automation Teller Machine. Social Factor Mostly all the factors of the change factors of the involves in the public around. Change in the technologies is socially good if the technologies are developing the surroundings. The change can bring the whole turnover of the company but it can happen only with the support of the employees. Unless there is a co operation from the previous employees there may not be any use in the change of management. So change in management first step is to gain support and co operation from the employees is being affected by this. If there is no support then it will be a high risk in change of management. Political Pressures Substantial changes can also be a force due to political events. For example, the shift from socialism economy to liberalization of economy in Tanzania created many new business opportunities. Although it might be difficult for an organization to predict change in political forces, many organizations hire lobbyists and consults which can be helpful in detecting and responding to social and political changes. Internal Forces Human Resource problems/projects Human Resource is another area where an organization can change inside the organization. The management has to decide the change of skill-level of its workers and need to change the level basing on the performance of the workers. Perceptions and expectations, attitudes and values are also a common focus on organizational change. These problems derive form employee perceptions about how they are treated at work and the match between individual and organization needs and desires. Dissatisfaction is also a symptom of an employee underlying problem which should be addressed. Absence of employees in a high level and turnover may also be a force for a change. Organizations can respond these kinds of problems by various approaches like, by implementing reasonable job previews, by reducing the role conflict of employees, burden and uncertainty and reducing the stress of the employees. Anticipation from the employees participation and suggestion for a positive change. Managerial Behaviour/Decisions Interpersonal conflicts between managers and their subordinates is also a sign where change is needed. Behaviour of the employees or managers inside the organization is very important in the organization where managers and their team are directly related to the organizational value. In such cases both manager and employee need interpersonal training or they have to be separated. Managers with leadership qualities and taking the appropriate decisions inside the team are one of the solutions for this kind of problem. Resistance To Change In todays economy, change is all-pervasive in organizations. It happens continuously, and often at rapid speed. Because change has become an everyday part of organizational dynamics, employees who resist change can actually cripple an organization. (Mullins, 2005). Resistance is a compulsory response for any major change. Individuals will rush o defend their status quo if they feel their security or status is threatened. Resistance may be the conduct which may serves to maintain the status quo in the face of pressure to alter the status quo. Individuals are not ready to resist the change, but rather they may be resisting the loss of status, loss of pay and comfort. Why People Resist Change in the Workplace Now-a-days all the companies, Government departments and institutions, no matter whether public or private, no longer have a choice, the change is mandatory to survive in the competitive world but unfortunately people tend to resist change. Change in an organization is not an easy task, this will increase the pressure on the management to learn the transparency of change. The perception of change will differ between managers and employees: top level management seeks a change is an opportunity to strengthen and to advance the business in their career, whereas for employees, included middle level managers change is never sought after it is disruptive and intrusive. The following are the best described reasons why people resist change. Fear of Failure Resistance to change may cause fear. During periods of change, some employees may feel that the past is the most secured and predictable time. If they have performed well in the past, they may resist changing their behaviour that they may not achieve much in the future. Creatures of Habit Working things in same routine manner is comfortable, asking employees to change away from the routine work they may think why do we need change?. In some cases, employees may ignore change because it may require employees to experience something beyond from their normal and easy method of operation. No obvious needs Some employees may fail to recognize the positive impact of change in the organization, so they may find change is unnecessary. Some employees may see a change in their attitude of impact on their jobs. Loss of control Employees are used and are more familiar with the work style which gains a lot of control over their work environment. They may feel that this will not be possible and think they may loos control over their work when the organization is changed which may confuse the employees and feel powerless. Unwillingness to learn Some employees prevent their own growth and development; they may even hesitate to try or learn new routes and express their unwillingness to learn. Fear that the new way may not be better Some employees may resist change because they fear that the change may not result in improvement. As their current status is quiet sufficient and may not need change because they dont know whether the change may result as the same. Understanding and Managing the Resistance to Change It is very much important that the managers should resist the change, if failed change efforts are costly. Cost includes decrease of employee loyalty, probability of achieving goals will be lowered, and waste of money and resources and fixing the failed change effort is difficult. Using strategic measurements can be a way of building support. The other parts of process like, involving employees from the beginning, explaining the reason for change in the organization clearly, clear strategy, direction, vision and also accepting and respecting the viewpoints of the employees. Employees often do not accept change which cannot be controlled; however it will be more likely to have a substantial influence on change. Overcoming Resistance to Change Resistance to change will be a complex issue by the employees in the management and ever-evolving organization of today. The process of change is extensive, and employees resistance is considered a critically important to overcome resistance to change. There are tree key conclusions which should be kept in mind before recommending the approaches to overcome resistance. First, an organization should be ready for change before it gets affected. It is better to conduct a survey should be conducted and evaluate it when the organization is ready to undertake change. Second, change will not be successful when the top level management fails to inform the employees and aware them about the process of change. Third, understanding the change may affect resistance of employees, they are less likely to resist. Positive Resistance to Change Managers often understand resistance negatively and employees who resist are considered disobedient and organization must overcome the obstacles in order to achieve new goals. Employee resistance will play a dominant role and useful when there is a change in organization. Initiating the proposed change by the management is possible when employees resist change. Which can help the organizations to select all possible changes in appropriate to the current situations. According to (De Jager 2001, Resistance is simply a very effective, very powerful, very useful mechanism. Monitoring Organizational Change Effectiveness cannot be measured if the change is not monitored. During change monitoring is particularly crucial due to many forces. Complications increase while the process of change. CASE STUDY: CHANGES IN THE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES: Tata is one the leading car manufacture in India. In 1992 the management of this company has been changed. Here the brief description of the company when Ratan tata taken over the company in 1992. After the Ratan tata taking over the Tata businesses, he implemented many of the strategies like unite, refocus and modernize the group, the strategies were the revival of Tata administrative services (TAS) a department of Tata Services Ltd. had been recruiting talented individuals for management career acceleration in group affiliates since the 1950s. TAS had been successful compared to other domestic companies in retaining people but the prestige had waned somewhat in recent years. Ratan promoted TAS as a premium career and elevated the programs status among up-and coming business leaders through media exposure. TAS was to become a group talent resource by enlarging the program and improving the mobility of TAS participants among group companies. New TAS recruits (mostly MBAs) were to work in a range of industries in the group. The Compensation packages offered to TAS recruits are also redesigned to match the market rates. These efforts to revive TAS and make it a destination of choice for talent paid off well for Tata Sons and all the group companies which opted to participate in the TAS program. The another important strategy was the restructuring the whole business like The objectives for restructuring were defined clearly. First one, Returns must be greater than cost of capital, Each company must be the industry leader occupying one of the top three positions; and The business identified must have potential for high growth and should be globally competitive. Having decided on these objectives, there were clear strategies for exits. There was a break from the earlier sentimental approach to businesses that have been built over decades. Ratan Tata decided to exit the businesses of soaps and toiletries, cosmetics, consumer electronics, pharmaceuticals, computer and telecom hardware, branded white goods, paints, oil exploration services, cement, textiles equally fervent was his expansion/entry into businesses identified as having high growth potential. These included passenger cars, auto components, retailing, telecom, power and insurance. Conclusion: Change is inevitable and is must in the present days where it is needed in the present competitive world to stay in competition. Taking the right step in right time will save the organization from getting out the business. Change in should reflect to the goals of the organization in such a way that the members of the organization understand, implement and achieve the goals accordingly.

Water Temperature And Evaporation Rate

Water Temperature And Evaporation Rate This report details the scientific method used to investigate the effects of water temperature on the rate at which the water will evaporate. Project design plan: Problem statement The purpose of this experiment was to compare the effect of temperature on the evaporation rate of water. The vision was to establish three containers of water. Each container contains the same amount of water. Surrounding air and humidity are kept consistent. One container is kept at a consistent room temperature; one container is kept at a heated consistent temperature; one container is kept at a cooled consistent temperature. The issue being examined is how the three different water temperatures impacts the rate at which the water evaporates from the container. The experiment was conceived as part of an effort to learn more about Global Warming. Since the world is made up of approximately 75% water, there is a desire to understand how increases in water temperature impacted the evaporation of water and if Global Warming could impact the worlds water base. Relevance of the question evaporation is the scientific process where a liquid is converted to a gas state by increasing the speed of its moleculars which causes a release in energy. Water evaporates faster at higher temperatures although any amount of heat resulting from the release of this energy will cause water to evaporate. Literature review http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/evaporation-water-surface-d_690.html this site provides a detailed process and mathematical equations for calculating the amount of evaporated water from a water surfaces. The amount of evaporation depends on the temperature in the water and in the air, and the humidity and velocity of the air above the surface. This site can be used as a reference to determine the level at which evaporation will occur in the experiment. http://www.usc.edu/CSSF/History/2002/Projects/J0615.pdf this site provides the results of an experiment that measured which factor had the greatest effect on the rate of evaporation of water. The factors tested were surface area, wind speed, air temperature and water temperature. The results of this experiment validated the hypothesis for this experiment. Experimental design The constants in this experiment were: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The type of water (tap) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The amount of water à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The location where the water is placed à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The size of the container à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The number of test conducted à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The type of the container à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The length of time the water has to evaporate Materials Used Quantity Item Description 1 Small home humidifier 1 Gallon jug of tap water 1 Graduated measuring cup 1 Digital wall mounted temperature and humidity gauge 3 8 ounce glass glasses 1 Digital thermometer 1 4 foot square, 3 foot high table 1 4 inch circular electrical heating plate 1 Thermos 1 Digital timer 1 1212 terry cloth cooling towel Steps executed in the experimental procedure 1. Collect all required materials 2. Stabilize and maintain the humidity in testing room using a small home air humidifier. For the testing, the humidity was stabilized at 40%. 3. Stabilize and maintain the temperature in testing room using the home HVAC system. For the testing, the room temperature was stabilized at 70 °. 4. Stabilize and maintain the air speed in testing room using isolated room. For the testing, the air speed was essentially dead calm. Note: no special equipment was used to stabilize the air speed. The test was conducted in an isolated room. There was some air movement introduced into the room through stabilizing the room temperature and humidity but was considered not significant enough to impact the tests. 5. Place a gallon jug of tap water in the testing room for 3 days so it adjusts to the room temperature and humidity. 6. Pour 100 ml. of tap water from the gallon jug stabilized to testing room temperature into each of 3 identical 8 ounce glass glasses using a graduated measuring cup. 7. Place the glasses into the center of the room on a table 3 feet off the floor so they are being equally affected by room temperature, humidity, and air movement. 8. Using a 4 inch, circular heating plate, place one of the glasses on the heating plate. The heating plate will raise the temperature of the water in the glass to 140 degrees. Note: it takes 30 minutes for the heating plate to heat the water in this glass to the 140 degree mark. Once this consistent temperature is reached, the volume of the water in this glass is rechecked to make sure the testing starting point is 100 ml. 9. Using a thermos, cooled via keeping it in a refrigerator for 24 hours, insert one of the glasses inside the thermos. The thermos will lower the temperature of the water in the glass to 35 degrees. Note: it takes 30 minutes for the thermos to cool the water in this glass to the 35 degree mark. Once this consistent temperature is reached, the volume of the water in this glass is rechecked to make sure the testing starting point is 100 ml. 10. Place a glass on the table and let it stabilize to the room temperature. Note: it takes 30 minutes for the water in this glass to stabilize to the room temperature degree mark. Once this consistent temperature is reached, the volume of the water in this glass is rechecked to make sure the testing starting point is 100 ml. 11. Using the timer, let the water sit in the testing room at the 3 different temperatures for 180 minutes. 12. Using a graduated measuring cup, measure the remaining water in milliliters from each glass. 13. Record how many milliliters remained after evaporation for each temperature for each test. 14. Repeat steps 11-12 for 2 more cycles. Total evaporation time is 9 hours. 15. Wait 24 hours from the start of the test. Repeat steps 1-14. 16. Repeat steps 14 one more time. Reason for choosing this particular experimental design plan the reason for this particular experimental design plan was to provide 3 water sources maintained at 3 different temperatures kept in a controlled humidity, room temperature and air rate environment. This environment was expected to provide a static environment to allow water evaporation to progress solely based on the temperature of the 3 water sources. Using identical starting water amounts and a graduated measuring cup to measure the resulting water amounts was expected to provide the most accurate results. Sequence of events used to collect quantitative data 1. Using the timer, let the water sit in the testing room at the 3 different temperatures for 180 minutes. 2. Using a graduated measuring cup, measure the remaining water in milliliters from each glass. 3. Record how many milliliters remained after evaporation for each temperature for each test. 4. Repeat steps 1-3 for 3 more cycles. Total evaporation time is 9 hours. 5. Wait 24 hours from the start of the test. Repeat steps 1-4. 6. Repeat steps 5 two more times. Tools, technologies, and measurement units used to collect quantitative data The recorded variable was the amount of water in milliliters that remained after evaporation was allowed to occur over in 180 minutes. The water in the 3 glass glasses was measured in milliliters using a graduated measuring cup before and after the evaporation occurred. Dependent, independent, and controlled variables Dependent variables the observed result of the independent variable being manipulated was the resulting water amount in each glass after evaporation has occurred Independent variables the value being manipulated or changed in this experiment was the water temperature of the water contained in the 3 glass glasses. Controlled variables the controlled variables were the air humidity, the air speed, the room temperature, the type of water (tap), the amount of water, the location where the water was placed, the size of the containers used, the number of tests conducted, the type of the containers used, and the length of time the water had to evaporate. Threat reduction to internal validity To reduce the threats to internal validity the following steps were taken: 1. Stabilize and maintain the humidity in testing room using a small home air humidifier. For the testing, the humidity was stabilized at 40%. 2. Stabilize and maintain the air speed in testing room using isolated room. For the testing, the air speed was essentially dead calm. Note: no special equipment was used to stabilize the air speed. The test was conducted in an isolated room. There was some air movement introduced into the room through stabilizing the room temperature and humidity but was considered not significant enough to impact the tests. 3. Stabilize and maintain the room temperature in testing room using the home HVAC system. For the testing, the room temperature was stabilized at 70 °. 4. Stabilize the water used by placing a gallon jug of tap water in the testing room for 3 days so it adjusts to the room temperature and humidity. 5. Stabilize the test environment by placing the glasses into the center of the room on a table 3 feet off the floor so they are being equally affected by room temperature, humidity, and air movement. Hypothesis The hypothesis was that the temperature of the water would affect the evaporation rate of the water the most and that the higher the water temperature, the more evaporation that would occur. The hypothesis proposed that the warmer the water, the more molecules escaped as vapor, and thus evaporated. The hypothesis theorized that the warmer the waters molecules were the more energy that would be produced and the amount of molecules escaping as vapor would occur at a much faster pace than molecules at lower temperatures. Process of data collection: At the end of each evaporation cycle of 180 minutes, the contents of each glass were poured into the graduated measuring cup and the resulting water in milliliters was measured and recorded. The data below shows the resulting milliliters for each sample for each test cycle as well as the percentage of evaporation that occurred which was determined by subtracting the resulting value from the original 100 milliliters and dividing by 100 to result in a percentage. Evaporation Test #1 Sample Resulting milliliters Sample Percentage of water evaporation Hours 3 6 9 3 6 Heated water 70 42 5 Heated water 0.3 0.58 Room temperature water 99 98 97 Room temperature water 0.01 0.02 Cooled water 91 80 68 Cooled water 0.09 0.2 Evaporation Test #2 Hours 3 6 9 3 6 Heated water 73 48 10 Heated water 0.27 0.52 Room temperature water 98 97 96 Room temperature water 0.02 0.03 Cooled water 99 98 97 Cooled water 0.01 0.02 Evaporation Test #3 Hours 3 6 9 3 6 Heated water 78 48 11 Heated water 0.22 0.52 Room temperature water 99 98 97 Room temperature water 0.01 0.02 Cooled water 96 88 86 Cooled water 0.04 0.12 Results of experiment: The original purpose of this experiment was to compare the effect of temperature on the evaporation rate of water. The results for the heated sample were as hypothesized. The highest rate of evaporation occurred in the heated sample. Also as the amount of water source decreased from previous evaporations, the subsequent evaporations were larger. The room temperature sample had marginal evaporation as expected. The results of the cooled sample were somewhat surprising, especially in the first test. It was assumed that the rate of evaporation would have been slowed down due to the cooler temperature and it would take longer for the evaporation to occur since the water source would have to warm over time for the molecules to excite and turn into vapor and evaporate. In researching this, it was discovered that these results might have been caused by the perspiration effect on cold water. It was noticed that there was a great deal of perspiration on the outside of the glass when the measurements were taken. After the first test, in an attempt to control this perspiration factor, the thermos was wrapped in the cooling towel. This did have an effect of the readings but the cooled sample results were still inconsistent and not what was expected. The results of the 3 separate tests showed consistency in the rate of evaporation across the both the heated and room temperature sources. This satisfies my goal of having a controlled environment in which to perform the tests. Conclusion: The results of the experiment confirmed the hypothesis in terms of heat having the largest impact on the evaporation rate of water. The heated sample had the greatest rate of evaporation. The hypothesis was that the temperature of the water would affect evaporation rate most. The results indicate that this hypothesis should be accepted, because the heated water source had the greatest rate of evaporation. The experimental design was a key factor in the success of the scientific inquiry. By controlling the air humidity, the air speed, the room temperature, the type of water (tap), the amount of water, the location where the water was placed, the size of the containers used, the number of tests conducted, the type of the containers used, and the length of time the water had to evaporate variables, enabled a controlled environment and allowed the focus of the experiment to be on the variable being manipulated which was the resulting water amount in each glass after evaporation has occurred. If the experimental design was faulty and the controlled environment was not established, other variables may have impacted the results. Humidity, air rate and air speed are factors in the rate of evaporation. If they were not controlled, the results of the experiment would have most likely been inconsistent. This experiment is valid since the test environment was controlled and only one variable was impacted by the test. Having multiple uncontrolled variable can invalidate an experiment in most cases. The experimental design and execution steps listed above would allow anyone to execute this experiment. If the tests were to be re-executed, the perspiration effect of the cooled sample needs to be taken into account and included in the measurements. Re-execution of the experiment described above and resulting similar results validates the experiment.

Radical Views of Defoe Exposed in Moll Flanders Essay -- Moll Flanders

Radical Views of Defoe Exposed in Moll Flanders      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Daniel Defoe is a proponent of the unorthodox in his novel Moll Flanders in which he shapes many aspects of Moll's life after those of his own.   The concepts he puts forth in the work are radically different from beliefs customary to seventeenth century England.   Appealing to and championing the common man, Defoe constructs an iconoclastic piece that praises a common woman.    In spite of gender differences, Moll mirrors Defoe's life.   Defoe draws on his past, when he served time in debtors' prison after his business as a merchant failed.   He traveled to cities where he would become free from his creditors (Monarch Notes).   It is from these experiences that he begins Moll's adventure to survive.   After Moll's second husband, like Defoe, is arrested, Moll takes refuge in the Mint, for if the commissioners were to have been informed where [she] was, [she] should have been fetched up and all [she] had saved be taken away (Defoe 44).  Ã‚      Defoe uses his beliefs on morality, unusual for a man of his time, as a m...

Skinwalkers by Tony Hillerman :: essays research papers

The fraud in the story â€Å"Skinwalkers† was committed for the sole purpose of getting back at the American government. The reasoning behind the fraud was because a treaty that was signed at Fort Summer decades ago. This treaty promised things to the Indian people things, which were never delivered, such as one teacher for every thirty residents. Basically Dr. Yellowhorse was now making the government reimburse the hospital for the bills of people who had already been released and even for people who were already deceased. The reason this was done so easily was because there were no death certificates for the deceased and many people that were dead had no date of death along with there name. The cases where Dr. Yellowhorse easily covered up people that were still living because he worked in the hospital and had access to the financial data. This meant it was almost effortless for him to file faulty reports as often as possible. The only problem that Yellowhorse ran into was that some people were starting to catch on. Onesalt had caught on to the hospital fraud and was building a case against Dr. Yellowhorse and the hospital. This is also the reasoning for why Endocheeney, Wilson Sam and Roosevelt Bistie had all been killed and furthermore why an attempt had been made on Jim Chee’s life. Yellowhorse feared she would expose him so he had her murdered by making up a story that she just like the others was a skinwalker and they had put a curse on whomever did the particular killing (the mother). Before being shot Onesalt had spoken to officer Chee and Yellowhorse assumed that now he knew as well or would find out with time. Chee probably should have caught wind of what was going on long before the end of the book. He was the detective on the case and I even realized what was going on before he did. The hardest part of putting two and two together was finding a motive, which throughout most of the book there didn’t seem to be one. This was of course until Yellowhorse spilled his beans to Chee right before he was going to kill him. The government would have to take a much closer look at death records and even possibly monitor the Badwater Clinic more closely to avoid a reoccurrence of this sort. Basically the government needs to take a more hands on approach to dealing with these types of situations.

A Medley Of Lu Xuns Writings :: Lu Xun Author Writer papers

A Medley Of Lu Xun's Writings Lu Xun‘s writings are my choice for my presentation. He was an author who also studied medicine and was known for his in-depth thinking. Xun came from a poor in wealth family, but was rich in intellectual talents. He did not choose to accept the Chinese traditions without critically addressing some aspects of his culture a review in thought. After studying medicine in Japan, he gave up his profession to write about the apathy of his fellow Chinese countrymen. To explore the thinking of his people, we are introduced to his astonishment of an execution that he watched. He watched this execution with horror while the other onlookers seemed indifferent to the event. This act brought to his attention that he wanted to bring about change to his fellow countrymen’s approach to life. Writing was his medium. He went on to embrace reformist political views and to share those views with the reader. All of his input was his way of trying to make the world that he was inhabiting a better place to live. We can bring about change by waking up our community to new ideas. In the story, â€Å"Diary of a Madman†, we read how the author is basically attempting to elevate the reader into believing that human beings do not have to eat, that is do not have to take advantage of their own kind. He spreads the word that the human race has the capability to make choices in determining their intake of food. We read a good bit about this belief. The story takes place in the time frame following a famine in China. There were many famines in China throughout history. We have read of different circumstances where people are reduced to eating other humans. There was one instance in recent times when an airplane crashed on a mountain in South America. Those survivors ate some of the dead to stay alive. While this is uncommon, we humans are, in the bottom line, definitively survivors that sort of survival is not the issue in Lu Xun. The famine in China reduced the strong to snag the weak so as to stay alive. The author was not sharing with the reader that he thought this was proper behavior for a human being.

Comp122 Week 2 Homework

Week 2 Homework Complete the following problems. 1. Suppose you are given the following variable declarations: int x, y; char ch; What values (if any) are assigned to x, y, and ch after each of these statements execute? Assume that the input to each statement is the same:5 28 36 a. cin >> x >> y >> ch; b. cin >> ch >> x >> y; c. cin >> x >> ch >> y; d. cin >> x >> y; cin. get(ch); a) x=5, y=28,ch=3 b)) x = 28, y = 36, ch = 5 c) x = 5, y = 8, ch = 2 ) x = 5, y = 28 ch is assigned a value associated with blank space i. e. , ‘ ’ 2. Suppose you are given the following variable declarations: int x, y; char ch; What values (if any) are assigned to x, y, and ch after each of these statements execute?Assume that the input to each set of statements is as follows: 13 28 D 14 E 98 A B 56 a. cin >> x >> y; cin. ignore(50, ‘ ‘); cin >> ch; b. cin >> x; cin. ignore(50, ‘ ‘ ); cin >> y; cin. ignore(50, ‘ ‘); cin. get(ch); a) x = 13, y = 28, ch = 1 ) x = 13, y = 14, ch = A 3. Suppose you are given the following variable declarations: int x, y; double z; char ch; Assume you have the following input statement: cin >> x >> y >> ch >> z; What values (if any) are stored in x, y, z, and ch if the input is: a. 35 62. 78 b. 86 32A 92. 6 c. 12 . 45A 32 3) a) x = 35 y = 62 ch = . z = 78 b) x = 86 y = 32 ch = A z = 9206 C) x = 12 4. Write a C++ statement that uses the manipulator ‘setfill' to output a line containing 35 asterisk characters. 4) cout

Bullying Speech

Imagine getting beating up every day at school for no reason, by your classmate or maybe by some senior guy you don’t even know. Or maybe even by an adult. You come home in bruises and cuts and dried up blood. Can you imagine that? Or can you even image getting punch at and getting pick at, calling you names in class and threatening texts every minute whether you are in class or at home and you’re friends wouldn’t help you out because they are too scared of the bully and the bully would followed you home and wouldn’t you feel scared. Can you imagine that? There are people who experience this in their day to day life.When you bullied someone especially for a long time whether it is physical, verbal, social or cyber, it would make the person’s life very miserable and in some very bad cases it might lead to killing themselves because they just can't hand the pressure or the humiliation they face every day. I am going to tell you about bullying and why I think it is bad to bully someone. There are four types of bullying: Physical, Verbal, Cyber and Social. Physical bullying as you know is when the bully punches, kicks, hits or any other types of physical attacks. Then there is verbal bullying.Basically what verbal bullying is, when the bully uses words to hurt or humiliate you. Verbal bullying includes names callings, racist’s comments and insulting. Social bullying is when the bully is spreading rumours, ignoring or even rejecting you. Social bullying is a strange type of bullying because it kind of links with verbal bullying. Finally there is cyber bullying. Cyber bullying is when you are threatened, humiliated, harassed by the bully using the internet. There is no limitation of cyber bullying because there is so many things you could do in the internet to cyber bully.You could get cyber bullied in facebook, bebo, msn etc or in some cases, the bullies can cyber bully you by making a website just for you. Also the thing wi th cyber bullying is that it is a new type of bullying because if you go back 50 years, there wouldn’t be any internet, or any mobile phone, therefore no cyber bullying. Personally I think that physical bullying is the least dangerous type of bullying because when you get physical bullied there will be scars or marks and your parents will know that you have been bullied where as in verbal, yber, social there is no scar or marks and your parents wouldn’t know you have been bullied. Also when you get physical bullied you know your injures will heal where as in verbal, cyber, social you wouldn’t know when it will go away. For example: You won’t know when the bully will stop calling you names etc. Some of you might still argue that some bullying at young age can be good for you because it will make you have to overcome problems and you will develop some social skills and learn that life is unfair.I disagree with this because most of the victim’s wonâ⠂¬â„¢t stand up for themselves and how would you develop social skills if people are rejecting you. Everybody learns that life is unfair not through bullying but from maybe getting blame from things they didn’t do or having to do chores at home every day, or maybe even through your parents always picking on your younger brother and sisters side and not yours. So what do you think of bullying now? Good or Bad? I hope you agree with me.

Patient-Centered Care

Evidence Based Practice: Patient-centered Care1 Evidence Based Practice: Patient-centered Care Evidence Based Practice: Patient-centered Care2 Patient-centered Care In the definition of patient-centered care it states that we should recognize the patient as the source of control in providing compassionate and coordinated care based on respect for patient’s preferences, values, and needs(NAP, 2003). In this quantitative teaching strategy by Pamela Ironside, PhD, RN, FAAN she aims to do that, along with physical comfort and some emotional support for the family.In a culture as diverse as the United States it is of great importance that individuals in the health care field learn to communicate and understand each patient. We must remember when implementing a communication strategy, that there are many elements that affect the experience: cultural variations, personal dignity, and interpersonal relationships. Gathering knowledge of patient’s beliefs, and values, along with community preferences can be an effective strategy to overcoming diversity and improving communication.It is important to understand not only that people are different but also how to embrace these differences in order to supply individuals with appropriate healthcare. This is a teaching strategy about a couple who thought they were doing the best for their first born child but in return was possibly going to lose them forever. There were decisions that they were going to have to make, whether to continue with the treatment or stop it. This was not a usual couple though, they were Buddhists and the staff had no idea what the rituals for death and dying were, along with looking different the couple had dread locks, tattoos, andEvidence Based Practice: Patient-centered Care3 multiple piercings but they also were a mother and father who may be losing their baby. As the nurse introduces herself, which is every time we enter the patient’s room, she is determined to find some sort of connection with the mother. Who turned out to be a very distraught mother who was unable to make any important decisions. The nurse realizes the mother is unable to make clear decisions and talks to her supervisor to set up a care conference so they could talk about this baby’s quality of life.There comes the time when you have to say â€Å"goodbye† to a loved one. Could you do it? Or would you want the doctor to do anything and everything possible to save your loved ones life? Each person has his or her own set of values, norms, and beliefs. Individuals share these with others from their own culture; however with the vast number of separate cultures today it is important to understand not only that people are different but also how to embrace these differences in order to supply individuals with appropriate healthcare.There are many ways in which differences and cultures can affect health care services. Different cultures have different beliefs about health, wellne ss, and healing. This couple wanted to keep their newborn away from all the â€Å"bugs† in the hospital, but that is possibly where his/her life ended. Showing support and respect for different health beliefs creates a better interpersonal relationship between patient and nurse along with the physician. Health care providers should seek and obtain knowledge of their patient’s diverse cultures.In today’s world of diversity, knowledge is a valuable resource. The more the health care providers know the more they will Evidence Based Practice: Patient-centered Care4 understand. When treated with dignity, respect, and genuine concern, a patient along with the entire family is more relaxed and at ease. Evidence Based Practice: Patient-centered Care5 Ironside, P. M. Exploring the Complexity of Advocacy: Balancing Patient-Centered Care and Safety. (n. d. ). Retrieved May 21, 2007, from http://www. qsen. org/teachingstrategy. php? id=58

Henry Clerval Essay

These actions suggest that human nature can change as someone can be nice towards one thing and then they can be disgusted with that same thing at a different time. Victor gets very friendly with Henry Clerval in the time that they are in Ingolstadt. Henry nurses Victor back to health when he is ill. They came to be in the same college because Henry persuaded his father to let him come to Ingolstadt, but he said that it was hard to persuade as Henry’s father thought that all the skills that you need in your life are used and gained when you are a book keeper. It is ironic that Henry sees knowledge as a good thing but Victor uses scientific knowledge and turns it into a tragedy, Frankenstein should of followed in ‘s footsteps as Victor’s creation turned out to kill Henry. The way that Victor treated his family, is completely different to the way that Henry treated Victor. Victor dumped all of his family life behind him, and only spoke to them through short sharp letters, but Henry cared dearly for Victor and even spent useful time looking after Victor when he was seriously ill, Henry also puts his life on hold just to make him better. I think that the readers of the novel will be ashamed of Victor for abandoning his family and his creation, but also for letting Henry put his life on hold just to make him better. This is a selfish act, and Victor should be more grateful towards Henry and his family. Henry is a very caring man and has a lot of time for people, especially Victor who just takes his skills for granted. Henry’s kindness is shown throughout, examples of this kindness are; ‘I did not before remark how very ill you appear; so thin and pale, you look as if you have been watching for many nights. ‘, and ‘I will not mention it, if it agitates you. ‘ These shows that Henry cares greatly for Victor and that he doesn’t want to upset Victor. This caring manner contrasts with that of Victor’s when he rejects the monster because of its looks. Victor’s selfish side is shown throughout the novel, a few examples are; ‘I had deprived myself of rest and health. I had desired it with and ardour that far exceeded moderation, but now that I have finished, the beauty of the dream vanished, and breathless horror and disgust filled my heart’, ‘infinite pains’, and ‘I felt the bitterness of disappointment. ‘ These show that again Victor’s selfish. He doesn’t care about anyone but himself. Victor also uses the personal pronoun, ‘I’, this states that everything is about him, so this is also a selfish action. Victor keeps his creation a secret, he does not want to tell anyone as he is not yet sure of the outcome of the creature, but after the birth of the creation, he is ashamed of it, he believes that it is a product of hell and that the monster is beyond control and just decides to keep it to himself and lie to other people. This influences the readers’ attitude towards Victor in the rest of the novel because the readers may now believe that he can not tell the truth and that the narration of the story may be biased. This relates to the theme of secrecy in the rest of the novel, for example; when he makes a companion for the monster, and also not telling anyone that he knew what killed someone of his family and friends. Mary Shelley suggests that lots of people do keep secrets and do not want to tell anyone. We keep secrets because it will ruin something special, the person is ashamed or embarrassed of it, the person can not confide in anyone, or they just do not want to tell anyone, as it may get someone in trouble. People do keep secrets and usually lie, it may be small lies or it may be a serious lie. People tell lies to put the problem off for as long as they can until they crack, they do this because they think it is an easy option, but in the long run, it is the hardest option as it drags a lot out of your self esteem. The ending of the chapter is a contrast of the rest of the chapter, especially the beginning, the weather and the atmosphere created. In the begging of the chapter the weather is dull, and gloomy. This is shown throughout the opening paragraph. The phrases ‘the rain pattered dismally against the pains,’ and ‘dreary’ suggest that the weather reflects on the dark atmosphere created by the near birth of the creature, it also suggests that something may happen may happen later on in the chapter. In the ending paragraph, the atmosphere created is completely different. The descriptions show that there is change as it is now light. This is a pleasurable sight for Victor as the weather was so uninviting earlier on in the chapter. The phrase ‘young buds were shooting forth from trees that shaded my window. It was a divine spring,’ shows that the darkness has subsided to make way for the light. Also, there was a new beginning for the natural processes, growing of buds etc. There was a non artificial mood in the air as everything that was happening was completely natural, so this is a great contrast to everything that was happening in the first paragraph of the chapter. The word ‘divine’ is connected with heaven, so everything is moving on from Victor’s deed. It is also to do with God, so it is a contrast between the thought of hell earlier on in the chapter. In the following chapter people may think that Victor tries to accept the monster and is not so selfish towards it and also the rest of his family, because the chapter ends with relief for Victor. The reader, at the end of the chapter, may be wondering where the monster has gone and what the monster is really doing. It may be that they think he has gone to commit another deadly murder. To conclude, this chapter is very vital. In it, there is always something going on. The chapter helps you to see how Victor really is and how he treats people in times of struggle. When, the monster is created, we get the impression that Victor was excited, but then he was ashamed of the outcome. Furthermore, when the monster disappears he felt relieved even though it could still come back. At the time when the monster disappeared, it was like Victor started a whole new life, this showed that he was not really bothered about what would happen if the monster was let loosen the world. From this chapter, we find that when Victor gets engrossed in something, he forgets about the whole world around him and abandons people, like his family. Victor is prone to abandoning things and people in this chapter. For example; he abandons the monster just because of the way it looks, and hurts its feelings, making it commit murders on people close to Victor to get its own back. We find that Victor is to blame for the actions of the monster, and that Victor is very selfish. This is shown when he uses the person pronoun ‘I’, which shows that he is completely aware of himself and that he does not care much for other people. The secrecy in the novel is constant. Victor is always keeping secrets from his loved ones, whether large or small. The scientific ideas that Victor has are also important, as they bring together the whole story, as he knows man can create life with the correct theories and equipment. The theories that Victor has are going against God as it is an un-natural process, and that the creation will be forever criticized whether it is handsome or ugly. It also sums up how we treat each other in society today. I don not feel the same way as Victor did towards his creation. I think the actual monsters are Victor Frankenstein and M. Waldman these people both tried to create the creature, but Victor got further. They both created an abominable creature. I think some of the concerns in the novel are relevant today because not many people abandon things like children and pets, but the lucky ones get looked after. People also get abused because of the way they look, I think that this is wrong and should be stopped.   By Samantha Loader Page 1 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.