Retail marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Retail merchandise - Essay ExampleThe concept of retail marketing is quite different from other marketing aspects. The stigmatisation in retail industry is based on the service and quality a retail presidential term is providing to the customers. In present scenario, retailing has become an international industry (Ailawadi & Keller, 2004). In this paper a political party with retail based outlet is selected which has not yet made international amplification. The various important aspects that friendship i.e. Morrisons Supermarket has to keep a close view on for its intended expansion in international market have been explained in detail. In this paper, the competitive prefer of Morrisons over other competitors has been discussed properly. The paper covers the marketing liquefy and environmental condition of the retail organisation. Challenges and opportunities which can be faced by the supermarket in their endeavour of introduction in the new foreign market have likewise be en explained properly. The relevant theories of retail internationalisation ar also provided in this context. 2.0 Choice of Retailer The report is required to be prepared by victorious into consideration the retail marketing business of a retail outlet which has no international expansion and is planning to enter into the market of Sweden. The retail company named as Morrisons Supermarket has been chosen which is considered as the fourth jumper lead supermarket chain in the UK. It is selected as it has no international presence and can make a world-shaking expansion in the Swedish market. This supermarket is also selected because it has received honour for maintaining its quality standard of food products. As Sweden is a kingdom which is much concerned with health and fitness, thus it will be a setting for such a supermarket with quality services and products to expand its retail outlet in foreign country. The country is also well known for retail business and several foreign companies get an opportunity to put to death their business in this market. 3.0 Analysis of the Basis of Competitive Advantage Morrisons is one of the largest chains of supermarket. They deliver two branded as well as their own brands products. The schema of the company is to provide customer with best value for money. The prices of their products are also same in every store. They manage in-house commercial operation which includes undecomposed fruits as well as vegetables, meat processing, fresh food and transport. Fresh foods are delivered in the UK and overseas by keeping them in the controlled temperature in warehouses as well as packing plants of the company. The processing of meat, beef, porc and lamb is done by them and are then supplied to the butcher in their retail stores (Morrisons, n.d.). Morrisons has adopted the dodge to extend qualification of 100,000 staffs by 2011. The staffs are provided 100 courses since 2009. The company has offered diploma at QCF level 2 to the staffs. AdExcel training programme is provided to butchers, bakers, fishmongers as well as greengrocers in order to gain competitive advantage in training and educating the staffs. This strategy will assist the staffs to become skilful butcher and can also guide them in cooking and thus in turn satisfy the customers needs (Retail Gazette, 2011). Morrisons has taken the strategy to buy

Society Comparison Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Society Comparison Paper - Essay ExampleIt inescapably to be realized that currently all societies of the world are battling with the Environmental concerns. Whereas Orkney Society can be classified as a surviving society, it nevertheless has its own set of concerns and improvisations that can improve its environmental conditions. Nevertheless, in contrast with Norse Greenland Society, Orkney society undoubtedly lives. The Orkney and Greenland societies both belong to the Viking colonies of North Atlantic. Orkney survived whereas Greenland saw its dying after a time span of 450 geezerhood. Four major environmental factors wealthy person been recognized for this difference of fate of both societies ocean distances between Norway and Britain, resistance offered by non-Viking residents of the orbit, suitability for agricultural productions and environmental fragility in terms of soil erosion and deforestation (Diamond). Orkney is a continental Island, surrounded by pissing from its northern tip. It proved to be the naval base for British forces in both world wars. With keep an eye on to environmental concerns, Orkney has left no stone unturned in its attempt to provide a unwrap living standard for its residents. Currently, the Orkney Islands Councils Environmental Health Team is responsible for identifying and devising possible solutions for any(prenominal) activity that poses a risk to the health and well-being of the citizens (Orkney Islands Council). Education and awareness is being spread almost the environmental concerns and ways of tackling it. At present, all residents of Orkney Islands are entitled to quality air, atmosphere, water, soil, land and landscape as well as factors affecting the quality of these (Orkney Islands Council). Environmental conservation has been the Orkneys primary concern. On the opposite hand, Norse Greenland was naturally deficient in resources like metallic elements, and was excessively incapable of exploration rece ivable to the absence of ships and manpower. It was invaded by the Vikings during 1200 AD. Skirmishes between the Natives and the Vikings (called Innuits) did not allow peace to be established in the region. Greenland was also incapable of promoting agricultural activities in their region due to the extreme climate. This had caused the people of Greenland to migrate out of the region as the Climate changed dramatically. The current climatic change can now be scientifically attributed to spherical Warming, which also caused the rise of water tables (Karen). Greenland could not practice environmental conservation, partially due to natural deficiencies and partly on behalf of their harsh climatic conditions and Viking colonization. Hence the Norse Greenland society collapsed after a mere 450 years of desperate survival. The energy resources for Greenland are not clearly documented, but the time line suggests these resources would not have been green fuels. On the other hand, Orkney ha s established an Environmental concerns agency by the name of ECO, which tries to make everything environment-friendly from fuels to recycle etc. The energy sources for Orkney include renewable sources like tidal, solar, wind and wave powers (ECO). The population of Greenland, in 1000AD numbered at 500 people, which increased with the subsequent invasion by the Innuit Vikings (Diamond). The population of Orkney, according to 2011 statistics, is numbered at 19,590 people (True

Current Recession Impacts on the Construction Industry Dissertation

scarpering Recession Impacts on the Construction Industry - Dissertation ExampleThis resulted in reduction of the average spendable income. The overall negative implications were on the demands of products and goods. The economic cycle was disturbed. One of the most affected domains by this ceding back was social organisations and engineering heavens. Globally the construction constancy was at its stop in 2008, when the receding hit it. At this time, the demands of houses and infrastructure were increasing and there was consistent flow of funds within the sector. The demands of housing and new infrastructures and the flow of funds within the construction sector changed (Barrell and Kirby). The reduction in the expected flow of funds and inaccessibility of the predicted clients reduced the profitability and chances of survival for may construction companies across the world (Property Wire). Research Background check Jakovljevic the construction persistence has a worth of n early $5 trillion globally in name of total output. This sector is one of the sectors providing postgraduateest employment. As per the estimation, there are nearly 100 million bulk employed in this sector at various levels of jobs. At the same time, contribution of the construction sector to the Global GDP is nearly 10%. This figure is considerably higher than the estimated annual spending in 2008. According to Zeiss (2008) the US$ 2.3 Trillion was the estimated spending of the Global Construction Industry. Global construction industry reached to the peak before recession. PropertyWire (2009) argues that the recession of 2008 was the hardest hit on this sector in last 60 years. Construction industry as such operates in highly complex business environment. The business environment is characterised by high regulations, coordination of various authorities, departments and skill sets, impact of the changing climatic and weather conditions on the construction process, lagging producti veness or other issues linked with workforce (Bosch and Phillips). The recession at one hand reduced the usable income of the consumers by salary cuts and loss of jobs on the other hand, this reduced the funds flow in the construction sector. All the intermediaries like equipment suppliers of the construction sector, transport companies, intermediaries and others have experienced the repercussions of the recession. The business environment of the construction sector became more pessimistic. However by the mid of 2009, the impact of recession was reduced and industry started being approving again. This was revealed in a global survey conducted by KPMG that by the end of 2009, the Global construction industry started expecting positive growth. This was an important survey that covered more than two-third construction companies of the globe and from the 30 different countries. The con reported that the majority of the construction companies were having positive growth or consistent business performance. However it was plain in the study that the companies working on the long term projects have minor impact of recession as compared to the companies who were expecting returns at the shorter duration (Molly). The recession resulted in reducing

Week 1 H Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Week 1 H - Essay showcaseTime stamps are racy in supporting multiple documentations that lack multiple requests in an authentication server (Coulouris, Dollimore & Kindberg 2006, p.550). In Kerberos protocol, termstamps are enforceful as nonces preventing dependence of synchronized clocks. The use of timestamps with Kerberos demonstrates a protocol that utilizes four messages to perform identification. Utilization of time stamps ensures removal of messages in the process of lessen the message number in the requirement for authentication (Coulouris, Dollimore & Kindberg 2006, p.551). Use of timestamps may support single steering identification especially, when a communication server operating in a single direction is unpatterned (Anderson, 2008).The design of Kerberos serves as a reducer of state at the final server the use of the time stamps ensures avoidance of per-connection (Anderson, 2008). Time stamps are sufficient in the case of protocols that do not compose of states. Timestamps provides a basis for proper server operation because it is not mandatory for the server to remain in an nimble state while in wait for message reception (Coulouris, Dollimore & Kindberg, 2006). Making the window narrow is vital in ensuring reduction of impending states. A timestamp can be in use as a nonce where client generation is a need.Timestamps is fundamental in Kerberos protocol because they enhance fresh transferral of messages from the client to the final server. Utilizing timestamps as nonce is fundamental because it maintains security of the recognition protocol (Anderson, 2008). The use of Kerberos with the timestamps ensures normal of access time to prevent eavesdropping. Eavesdropping allows unknown individuals to gain access to systems by acquiring vital teaching such consisting passwords. Kerberos ensures secure network where pretense becomes difficult (Anderson, 2008).A secure protocol will

Change Management Issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Change Management Issue - Essay ExampleThe given case study represents a very common situation in the workplace. In this case, we have a situation where a soulfulness is experiencing a lack of ethical-judgment. To come close to the point, we have a case in which an individual dogged that his moral principles were more than desirable to the company than the policies or procedures at his workplace. The case showed that both Mr. B and dockage demonstrated unethical situations toward Steven, the worker within their department. Failure to take a more ethical attitude toward Steven led him to continue working in the same IT department and doing a job he hates. App delusion more ethical principles at the workplace would have saved Steven from being forced to do the job he hates. A clue to the case can be derived from Kantian ethics. Kantian ethics is frequently referred to as deontological or rule-based ethics. Kantian ethics is traditionally concerned with what makes a principle right or wrong. Kantian ethics is based on the famous categorical imperative. In the course of his research, Kant provides people with two primary(prenominal) formulations of the categorical imperative. Kantian ethical principles indicate that each person should act as a intellectual being. The Kantian approach eliminates any possible cases of lying (Kant, I, p.56, 1996).The Kantian approach to lying indicates that the philosopher supported a total prohibition of lying as a form of building relations with other people. Kant withal menti onenessd the situation that lying cannot become a universal law for all people, thus pointing to the fact that lying is virtually impossible in the workplace. Such negative attitudes toward lying ar reasoned by the fact that work relations are supposed to be built on trust and mutual understanding. Since a lie depends upon someone believing you, a person who lies shows disrespect to the other person who is placing their trust the one the liar (Kant, I, p.58, 1996).When we view Stevens case from Kants theory, we see that Mr. Bob, HR, ignored his duty in launch to avoid lying. Instead of ethical behavior, he became involved in cheating. According to Kant, cheating people are the worst examples of unethical behavior in the workplace.

Comparing Senator Kelly Ayotte and Senator Joe Donnelly Essay

Comparing Senator Kelly Ayotte and Senator Joe Donnelly - Essay ExampleAyotte and Donnelly arrive at different leadership traits and hold different policy-making ideologies. There approaches on national matters take a different dimension. Ayotte develops her approach based on bipartisan approaches while Donnelly concentrates on advocating for his partys political and economic stands. This indicates the two develops their arguments and public agenda. Ayotte advocates for national agendas on grounds that there need to be a sober mind when it comes to security and economic policies (Appendix I). Ayotte being a republican, she has contend an important subroutine in sponsoring security and economical related bills in the senate. This indicates her concern on matters affecting the public. Donnelly on the other reach concentrated on his partys policy in that most of his statements are geared towards impulsive the Democrats stands on key national issues. The two differ in the way they set out their agenda top the public.Ayotte has been actively involved in senate debates compared to Donnelly. She has been involved in more senate committees than Donnelly. She represents the change advocated by Thomas and Wilcox (2014) in the 21st century. There active roles in politics and public administration. The subordinate roles played in previous administration and transformed into active members in society. The role played Ayotte surpasses Donnellys role in 2015 senate and house committees.

Employment Laws, Policies, and Processes Research Paper

Employment Laws, Policies, and Processes - Research Paper ExampleIt is important to remember that only those organizations are possible to survive and perform exceed in the industry perspective where the employees are satisfied with the job and where they find out that they have scope for growth and development. I was holding the position of director of human resources in important package Solutions Company. The company dealt with developing and selling of software products and solutions. The company wished to recruit new professionals specially software engineers who would develop the next software that was to act as the cutting edge product of the company. The position compulsory that the candidates should not only be talented but also should be willing to work in team and cope with work pressures. Accordingly a selection process was designed to select the best talent in terms of intellectual ability and compatibility with the organization. While conducting the entire recruit ment process it was unploughed in mind that the process of recruitment may be fair and free from any inconsistency of any form. Two of the laws that were followed wereThe process started from giving advertisement and conducting the whole selection process where it was imperative that laws were followed and that as per law there was no discrepancy on the basis of political, race, color, ancestry, sex, mental or physical hinderance etc (Gatewood, Feild, & Barrick, 2010).While conducting the interview it was kept in mind that none of the questions asked were discriminatory in nature or discriminated the workforce on any grounds. Similarly it was kept in mind that there was no discrimination when background checks were conducted. Another area where it was necessary to keep in mind that there was no specialism on any discriminatory ground was on determination of wages.The interview process involved cleverness round where the questions asked were mainly analytical based to judge the analytical

Does Religion Cause War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Does Religion Cause War - Essay ExampleReligion is a sensitive issue because it is a matter of the heart to many people, (Burleigh 111-120). It arouses intense emotions. In many vocalism of the world, religion is incorporated into peoples culture, (Gieling 190-201). If a religion causes war, it must be viewed in price of what religion means to those who ar passionate intimately it, (Burleigh 111). In other words, religion affects many things about people and becomes part and parcel of the personal life of those people. In that sense, people are bound to brook religion as part of their heritage, culture and essence of existence. Religion has proved to be stronger than life itself, (Gieling 190-201). pot are willing to die for religious reasons. The f suffice is most religions come with a promise of great and better life than life on earth. This is something that people are strongly attached to, (Burleigh 111-120). The attachment to idol makes life on earth seem to be of little or no signifi stopce. According to the religious, this can seem to justify war to take care of these religious interests. Simply put, people can intensify up to fight in the name of religion. Loyalty to a beingness higher than a valet de chambre can cause people to go to the extremes, (Pearse 147). This has been proved over time. People sapidity that the reward they penury from the unseen deity is more beneficial than respecting the rights of their fellow brothers and sisters. roughtimes the zeal tends to go overboard. For every act of adversity meted to fellow humans through a conflict of a religious nature, people get hold there is a reward for it, (Gieling 190-201). This reward does not concur to be physical. Religion and War are not strange bed fellows. In fact, they have gone together for a long time. Some of the reasons why people go to war in the name of religion include spreading their faith. It has been argued that involving graven image in a war does not necessar ily make it holy. One thing is clear, whether war is being done to spread faith or not, it is bound to have casualties. The results are always devastating. It has also been tell that people fight with an aim of recovering consecrated places, (Pearse 147). These are places referred to as alters which could be profaned and contaminate by a group that does not understand the proper use of such places. Such a belief causes the religious to feel duty bound to act on behalf of their god. In the process of retrieval of such places, resistance arises, and that can become a beginning of a chain of wars. This includes war to revenge for acts of killings or past time cruelties which were done with a religious intention. Some Christians, Muslims or other groups feel that they may also want to recover countries that were once controlled by their faith. Many countries especially in nerve center East and Asia have gone to the extent of incorporating their religion into their constitutions, (Gi eling 190-201). This means that religion became part of the culture of those countries. A violation of faith in such a setting is viewed as blasphemy. In such cases, it becomes problematical for people with other religious affiliations to exercise their religious freedom. In a large or niggling way, religion in such a context becomes a source of conflict. The paradox of religion is that it was meant to contribute freedom and peace into a world full of conflict, (Cavanaugh 51-62). However, more often than not, religion tends to bring chaos. We have had long and protracted conflicts in the Middle East, (Burleigh 111-120). All because of religious reasons, we have had militias formed to defend indisputable religious convictions in remote societies. To a certain extent, there

Auditing and Assurance service Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Auditing and Assurance service - shew ExampleHowever, due to lack of assessing the net realisable value with fair degree of accuracy, firms often stick to exploitation cost as the main method of valuing inventories.For a firm working in Information engineering science such as Dynamic Data, the issue of valuing inventories at cost or net realizable set is critical because the industry is highly volatile and dynamic in nature with technology becoming non real at much higher speed as comp bed to other traditional goods. Thus there are different factors which compel firms to use cost as the basis of valuing their inventories and reporting them into their financial statements.As discussed in the case study that there are some news articles which indicate that the technology used in different products by Dynamic Data may be good enough to serve the current needs however, they are adequate enough to meet future demands therefore there are chances that their trade value may come down v ery fast.

Nike Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Nike - Research Paper ExampleIn the year 2012, Nike paid Indonesian workers 1 million US dollars after it emerged that the workers had worked an overtime of 600,000hrs for two years without chip in (The Guardian, 2012). In the year, 1987, Nike was sued by capitol record for using a beatles song in their advertisement, the paid capitol records $250,000 who had the rights for the song at that time. In deep June 2005, a case against Nike by Minor threat of them using their cover photo in their album also led to out of the court settlement where Nike apologized to the band and settled them (Brian, 2002)..Nike like most of the multinational companies has huge stash of profits offshore that it hasnt paid U.S taxes on. Its also kn induce that they impart paid little or no taxes in these foreign countries. Nike reportedly said that its cache of permanently reinvested offshore profits ballooned from $5.5 billion to $6.7 billion in the past year this means that the corporation travel up b y $1.2 billion of its profits offshore. It also reveals that if it were to pay the U.S taxes on its offshore stash profits, it would be approximately $2.2 billion, which is a tax rate just under 33 percent. The federal income tax is usually known to be 35% deducting any taxes corporations have paid to foreign jurisdictions (CTJ, 2013). With this information its calorie-free to reach a conclusion that Nike has paid no tax on its offshore profit stash. Nike has a long list of various offshore subsidiaries others with different names while others bear Nikes own shoes brand. In the year 2012, Nike signed a deal with the state of Oregon where its headquarter is based, to enable it pay its current tax for the next 40 years as long as it invests more than one hundred fifty million dollars within the state and be able to create 500 jobs within a five-year termination (Brian, 2002).. This is a good gesture for Nike by

Human development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Human tuition - Essay ExampleSkinners theory of education is based on the premise that instruction is a function of change in overt demeanour. Changes occur due to the response to the external stimuli. This payoff theory relies on the assumption that style is a function of its consequences (Dunn, 2002). The learner will repeat the behavior if positive musical accompaniment follows the behavior. Positive reinforcement refers to some verbal recognition or appreciation or rewards like certificates or promotion to a higher level. Negative reinforcement can also settle the behavior but punishment can weaken the behavior. This is because the negative condition has been experienced as a consequence of the behavior and teaches the individual not to repeat the behavior. Punishment can help to eliminate behavior and is used in daily life but it works only for a short period.Banduras theory states that to learn anything you have to pay attention to it. Anything that dampens the attentio n will consequently reduce the learning process (Boeree, 1998). For instance, sleep and lethargy can dampen attention and consequrntly learning. Bandura experimented with models and summarized that if the model is attr inciteive colorful appears like us we would pay more attention. After paying attention, it is important to retain what has been paid attention to. This means retaining the psychological image or verbal description of the model. When it is stored the same image can be brought up at will whenever necessary. The third step involves translation or reproducing the images into actual behavior. This implies an individual must have the energy to reproduce. This way the ability to imitate improves with practice. In fact the abilities improve even when one just imagines imitating. The act of imitating comes only through some form of motivation. This reinforcement can be some past reinforcement, promised reinforcement or vicarious reinforcement.The main difference between Band ura and Skinner lies in their

America's Post-Civil War Growing Pains Assignment

Americas Post-Civil War Growing Pains - Assignment ExampleThe last of reconstruction where Hayes withdrew the last union troops from the south also took place during this time. The civil contend and the reconstruction periods were the major turning points in the history of America (Robert 2008). The civil state of war was a tragical conflict that do people to turn against each other brother against brother where the generic slaves were acting only as a historical backdrop. The civil war separated people and still linked them as a nation. It was fought over the secession of the union. Some of the causes of the civil war were slavery, nationalism and honor, the election of Abraham Lincoln, territorial crisis and the constitution among others. The reconstruction period followed the civil war and it disastrous as it was caused by early granting of governmental and civil rights to the African Americans. The reconstruction period brought about various questions like what would be the place of the freed African Americans in the south? And did the abolition mean that the blacks could have equal opportunities like the whites? Though the civil war was over reconstruction was also a kind of war. The civil war and reconstruction had an impact on the nationalist collectivism of the Americans as they encouraged the collectivist to promote their visions of reform and devalued the individualism of the American society. Individuality became more of a liability than an asset. Industrial expansion after the civil war made way for changes in urbanization of America. America became more urbanized, there was the growth of cities in size and universe of discourse and extensive new systems of transportation. They also led to immigration of new foreign people who posed a threat to the political systems and increased the unemployment rate as they were more than willing to work for lower earnings that the native-born Americans refused. The civil war and reconstruction led to p roblems which affect the integrity of the government, the way industrial workers ar treated, the needs of the western farmers and the treatment of the immigrants (Perman 2008). The civil war and reconstruction had an impact on the Americas economy as it imposed substantial costs. Both civil war and reconstruction had a veto impact on the hugger-mugger investments through the process of range substitution. These wars led to the destruction of economic al-Qaida and human lives. They undermined the state legitimacy thus posing a threat to the rule of law and attribute rights security. These wars created economic uncertainty on Americas economy putting both public and private investments at risk. The civil war and reconstruction had a negative impact on the economic takings as it reduced the growth and level of the capital stock and damaging the governments pecuniary balance. This made the government to move its expenditure from production enhancing services to the conduct of the wars. The destruction of slavery had a negative impact on the cotton production. The civil war and reconstruction era impacted governing in various ways. This era led to a greater political division especially among the southerners and northerners and refused to unite. By allowing the blacks to participate in politics this led to corruption, and poor running of the government (Richard 2008). The reconstruction led to the knowledge of the south and positive progress for the former slaves and the end of the whites

Issue(s) with Obamacare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Issue(s) with Obama condole with - Essay ExampleThe purpose of the member is to analyse several sources in relation to the important topic and determine how reliable the Obama wangle is. Contrary to the Acts main goal, sources indicate that Obama cargon is doing the opposite because in that location is an increase in emergency room visits by low-income individuals. The article is in incident stated in that it does non provide indirect information. For instance, the article maintains that since the signing of the Act into law there has been a shortage in physicians and an increase in crowding, which reflects a negative progress. The article tries to prove that Obama care is not meeting the objectives for which it was made. This is being done by indicating and analysing the problems that Obama care has brought in the country with regard to deteriorating health care. Additionally, since the article states, Obama care has a new problem it tries to prove that although the Act had e ncountered problems in the past, the condition is not improving (Zadrozny). The overall American population is the audience. The audience might be influenced by the content in that it might refrain from using and trusting Obama care.The author has adequate expertise in both political and business field, as the arguments provided are reliable and does not confuse the reader on the main issue. The sponsoring website for the article is the Daily Beast Company. The companys reputation is good. This is because the companys website provides reliable information.Although the article does not have a bibliography list provided, it has incorporated in-text links that point to other reliable websites such as governmental websites that help in cementing the overall argument. To show that the information is trustworthy, the author has ensured that secondary links are provided for further reading and confirmation of the arguments authenticity. With regard to grammar, the

Leadership And Management of Law Enforcement Personnel Within the Term Paper

Leadership And Man timement of Law Enforcement Personnel Within the Organization - Term Paper representativeTransformational leadership has shown of import potential in law enforcement organizations. These organizations now operate in the current age of unpredictable change where leaders must try to ensure that their members are sufficiently developed and empower to make their own decisions, especially in the field. Line officers must be able to withal add a leadership role once they are outside the physical custody and jurisdiction of their leaders (Dobby, et.al., 2004). In the field, they may be thrust into situations where they need to make quick and appropriate decisions. The transformational leader thusly seeks to prepare his subordinates to be independent and proactive thinkers, making them signifi tail assemblyt assets in the field. Transformational leaders seem to be more powerful as compared to transactional leaders in the long term (Hinkin and Tracey, 1994). They help inspire confidence, as well as help provide learning experiences to the to the subordinates (Dobby, et.al., 2004). This figure of leadership has overly been known for assisting in the implementation of changes in various settings, thereby allowing the members to adjust to these changes and make personal adjustments in their activities. In applying this transformational type of leadership in the UK, the National Policing Plan was able to deliver improvements in the performance of natural law officers, as well as ensure the reduction of crime in the country (Dobby, et.al., 2004). This type of leadership is therefrom one of the effective methods of leadership which can be applied in order to ensure the effective management of law enforcement organizations. Moriarty (2009) discusses that most organizations need effective leadership in order to succeed. Without... This essay separate outes that it is also important for managers to recognize stress, anxiety, and fatigue among their e mployees. It is therefore important for managers to be adequately trained in recognizing signs of stress and fatigue. Some of these signs may include irritability, hot-headedness, sleeping while on shift, frequent yawning, forgetfulness or memory lapses, and anger. at a time these signs are noted among employees, it is important for managers to implement changes in shift work, ordering time off for these officers, and similar other fatigue-relieving remedies. It is also important for the managers to encourage their employees to approach sleep and rest as a sentry go and performance issue This paper makes a conclusion that Leaders and managers of law enforcement officers have a significant challenge of managing their subordinates and ensuring the peace and safety of the general population. In order to manage law enforcement officers, various programs can be applied. One of these programs is the Leadership in Police Organizations which has gained widespread support. This is a progr am which seeks to ensure police participation in their own leadership. Very much in relation to transformational leadership, the LPO is an effective means of winsome officers to be their own leaders. Education and training among managers and line officers on the management of stress and fatigue is also an important addition to the effective management of law enforcement officers.

(B&M) Managing Sustainability Reflective Log Essay

(B&M) Managing Sustainability Reflective Log - Essay exampleSustainability affects each level of pitying life starting from the local neighborhood to entire planet. Issues Affecting the gentleman Beings in Relation to the Planet In the late 1960s, a second imperative emerged alongside human rights sustainability (Vischer, 2006, p.51). It is beyond to mention that the natural resources brace certain limited availability and the human beings would have to heed the limits. There are certain issues which are facing the human beings. According to a news piece, the issues have emerged in various areas. Climate Change Global warming has put its increasing impact on the global environment and in turn has led to the emergence of various threatening issues for the human race. The greenhouses gases corresponding Carbon-di-oxide have been responsible for the same and thus increasing the temperature of the planet (Oracle ThinkQuest, n.d.). According to UK prime minister, one of the more or less significant environmental issues, which have emerged as significant threats for the human race, is climate change stretch forthing to increase number of storms, drought, flood and loss of significant species. The depletion of ozone has resulted from the emission of the fluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons and some more hazardous gas let go from industries like manufacturing and chemical factories. This has ultimately caused UV rays to enter in the atmosphere of the hide. Penetration of these rays may lead to severe carcinogenic reaction in human bodies (The Views Paper, 2009). Natural Resources With the enhancement in the life styles, susceptibility consumption has increased with decline in the natural resources. The world is now facing with an increasing crisis for this earth to retain the sustainable supply of the resources. Resource sustainability is a significant requirement in todays world. The petroleum products, coal and mineral resources have also been intensively e xploited to certain greater extent. If the plaza persists like this, after a short span of time, all these resources are expected to be non-existent in the near future. Biodiversity Loss Despite of an increase in the conservation efforts the biodiversity state experiences a decline in turn most of the indicators. The significant pressure on the biodiversity has continued to grow considerably. Even, there is no or less indication displaying a considerable reduction in the declining rate in the biodiversity across the globe. The side by side(p) are the indicators which have raised enough concerns among the researchers and scientists. Even a number of scientists think that the Earth is feeler to enter into the sixth great extinction phase (Kirby, 2004). Figure 1 Indicators Displaying Biodiversity Loss (Source Shah, 2010) Figure 2 Factors Affecting the Environmental Sustainability (Source Kirby, 2004) The above figures show the increasing inwardness of population growth with growing habitude of cars, consumption of water, paper and fertilizers. With the enhancement in the social lifestyles, there has been huge loss of rainforest, growing amount of carbon-di-oxide concentration. At the same time, the fisheries have been exploited heavily. The

Physiolocal principles For health and social care Essay

Physiolocal principles For health and amicable care - Essay ExampleThe mandibles are movable joints that help in mastication. The inferior part of the skull remainss the nervus facialis swot that support the eyes, nose, and mouth.These twenty-six bones help in maintaining the shape and posture of the whole body. They entangle the seven cervical bones at the neck region, cardinal thoracic vertebrae at the chest region, five lumber vertebrae at the lower back, one sacral bone and the coccyx bone.The sternum is located medially and the anterior aspect of the chest region. It joined up to the ribs by costal gristle. There are twelve pairs of ribs joined to the sternum forming a rib cage that protections lungs and heart. The first connect to the thoracic vertebrae with their own cartilage hence called true ribs while ribs eight to ten are false ribs since they indirectly connect to the sternum. Ribs football team and twelve lack any cartilage for attachment hence known as floating ribs. stop number limbs are connected to the axial skeleton by the pectoral girdle. This part consists of the remaining and right clavicle bones. The upper limb consists of the humerus, which is the long bone that forms an elbow joint at the junction with radius and ulna bones. The radius is responsible for the turning of the hand over the wrist joint. The digits are made up of trinity phalanges each apart from the thumbs, which only have two.The pelvic girdle is made up of the right and left pelvic bones that link the lower limbs to the axial skeleton. Femur are the long bones that form the hip joint on connection to the hip bones which is a ball and socket joint and genu joint with tibia and patella bones. The lower leg is made up of tibia and fibula bones that bear most of the body weight. At the proximal end, the tibia and fibula bones form ankle joint joint with the talus bone of the foot. Posteriorly the foot is consists of tarsal bones and anteriorly metatarsals and phal anges.Bones also accountability to enable movement through various body joints the red bone marrow

Description of business Essay Example for Free

Description of furrow EssayThis enterpriser pull up stakes be opening a new personal line of credit which go forth operate as a sole trader. The call in of this logical argument is CJs Sea fare joint.CJs Seafood joint leave alone operate under the logo Come take up a mouthful of flavor. Operating as a sole trader would mean that the enterpriser would specify all the descions himself but would besides have to carry the responsibilities for himself.The main aim of the affair is to have each customer who comes comes through our doors impressed by CJs and depart be excited to come again,also to raise and maintain a surrounding that is comprehensive and exceptional in its attention to every detail of operation. The entrepreneur also wishes to provide a friendly, cooperative and rewarding environment which encourages longterm, satisfying, developing employment.To keep the concept freshly,exciting and on the cutting edge of the hospitality industry.The line of reasoni ng will be unfastened on week geezerhood 800 am to 1030pm,weekends,900 am to 1130 pm also on public holidays. CJs is opened to a variety of different persons and age groups.It would be coveinienient to persons who are working long hours and so does non have the time to prepare a proper meal or even a family who is vindicatory looking for somewhere nice and pleasing to have dinner.CJs will also serve an as accommodation for catering at dinners,weddings and any other events.Justification of locationCJs seafood joint will be loctated in Kingston at Anns Bay near the sea.The business will do exceptionally well at this location because of its proximity from the sea.Being located near the sea would mean that the lancinating materials needed for the streak of the business would cost less notes to transport the huffy materials to the business.Also the business will have a dependable source of material this means there will never be a scarcity in harvestion.Secondly, beach scenery would also serve as an attraction for some(prenominal) local anaesthetic and international customers,especially the tourist from which foreign exchange would be gained which means more benefit for the business.A beautiful beach scenery would provide a relaxed and calm environment which would entise the customers into returning again and having a god reputation would mean more customers thus more profits.Selection of appropriate labourFor this business to be ran successfully,the entrepreneur will need to employ both skilled and skilled workers.The skilled workers in this business will consist ofTwo Chefs and one executive chef.These persons will be incharge of the preparation and meal homework of all the sophisticated menus and introducing new ideas which will motivate the customers in returning.2 Bartenders.These persons would be incharge of making refresging beverages and liquors concord to the customers preference.The business will also need 5 Cashiers.They will be incharge of the cash made on a daily basis and will play a part in the monitoring of the businesss financial transactions and data.In this business the unskilled are just as of the essence(p) as the skilled workers as they play a vital role in the successful running of the business.The skilled will consist of10 Janitors.They will be incharge of the proper maintenance and sanitation of the set forth which will give the business a good reputation for its emmaculate maintenance . 4 waiters and 4 waitresses. They will be responsible for satisfying the customers requirements and should try to pucker all of them with no animosity and should be uncomplaining in dealing with their problems. 10 fishermen.They will be responsible for going out to sea and ensuring that the sea animals needed by the business is always on time and of good quality. Sources of fixed and working detonating deviceThe business will need both working and fixed capital.The two sources of fixed capital to be used by the bu siness are A loan of US $300,000 from the National Commercial Bank, to be secured with a mortgage on the entrepreneurs home,which would go towards the purchasing of new equipementrenovating and upgrading the premisispurchasing of more delivery vehiclesThe piece source will bepersonnal savings of the entrepreneur of US$10,000 from the Jamaica Mutual Bank which will be used to do the same as the things listed above. The two sources of working capital will be a loan from the bank and personal savings of the entrepreneur .This money will contribute towards nonrecreational salariespaying utility billspay rent on the premisesThe money borrowed from the bank will be repaid from the profits accumulated during a period of 10 years of successful business management. Role of entrepreneurThe entrepreneur is one who organizes the factors of production to create goods and services. The most suitable location, qualified workers, and the right equipment and machinery will find out economic prod uction. It is therefore important for him to exact the right decisions concerning the employment of the required resources for his business. He must also make decisions on systems and processes to be applied in the production process.An entrepreneur has many roles/responsibility, three of which are groomingPlanning is very important to every venture. It is more important to the entrepreneurs venture because of the uncertainty of success and less room to make mistake. The entrepreneurs focus is on the execution incline and how to get the product to the market in the shortest amount of time so as to start bringing revenue. operateThis is where the entrepreneur starts putting all its business ideas into place .He analyzes his ideas and sees if they are going according to planned. ConceptualizingThis is where the entrepreneur gains an understanding of the business and what he hopes it will be, productThe action of making or manufacturing from components or raw materials, or the p rocess of being so manufactured.There are three types of production.They includePrimary ProductionThis includes all kinds of extractive industries such(prenominal) as agriculture, mining and fishing.Secondary ProductionThis includes manufacturing such as assembling, refining and construction (building) industries.Tertiary ProductionThis includes all kinds of service industries such as transportation, communication and tourism.The type of production used in the business is primary production.The fishes and other sea animals are extracted from the sea to be made in a spotless product to be enjoyed by thousands of customers.Levels of productionProduction is the action of making or manufacturing from components or raw materials, or the process of being so manufactured.There are three levels of production.These include SubsistenceThis is the lowest level of production. Subsistence productions refers to widening from the production process that is just enough for the excerption. This a mount of production is therefore not fair to middling to meet all needs and wants of a family, community or a country. For example, subsistence farming involves the production of crops to feed the family and for survival. wealthiness is not created as whatever is produced is consumed.Domestic ProductionDomestic production refers to production that is more than survival level. It provides output that is enough to satisfy domestic needs and wants. Excessis not available for export. However, production is adequate to supply local demand.Surplus or ExportThis level of production is adequate to supply local demand and for export. Large industries posterior produce large quantities of output to satisfy local consumption and earn foreign exchange from export, for example, the sugar and banana industries.The type of production used by CJs Seafood conjunction is domestic production.The business provides mostly for the local market.There is sufficient demand locally to absorb all the produ ce. theatrical role control measuresThe entrepreneur will make a daily report on the problems or difficulties flavor on a daily business and implement measures to correct them. The entrepreneur will also be responsible for inspecting the goods carried in on a daily basis to make sure that they are up to standard and are suitable for consumption.TechnologyIn todays world technology has release one of the fastest advancements.In CJs Seafood Joint it will play a vital part in its day to day running. Two types of technology used by the business are a icebox and a computer. The refrigerator is responsible for the preservation of foods and beverages.Without the refrigerators,items will start to them rottening resulting in a loss of money and customers due to a bad reputation of rotted foods The computers is most important as it contains all the businesss transactions and data.It provides order and allows information to be accessed easily,without the availability of computers everything will be chaotic.Potential for growthInternallyWe will be able to expand our initial operation by 80% by our 7th year, however expanding would mean a larger premisis which would require us to go elsewhere for the business to be successful in all its different cycloramas.We would need to buy additional delivery vehicles also an addition of ten (10) members of staff to share the extra work load.The business would have to move to a similar locatiom,near the sea, so as to not make things difficult in the purchasing and transporting of foods ExternallyIf we can acquire a good record,we might be able to expand internationally,allowing us to open branches in different countries turning CJs into a multi-national business .The business would so make more money and foreign exchange,also more exposure for the business.LinkagesThe business turns raw materials into a delicious produce to be consumed by our customers. Having a backward linkage helps the business in that there is a reduced depend ence on imported goods since local suppliers provide the raw materials for the producers.The linkage will allow the business to source fresh produce,to minimize delivery time and transport costs and to maintain a close relationship with the product suppliers to ensure product quality.Government RegulationsThe business must apply to the Commissioner of Taxes to be a registered taxpayer, the business will earn atleast at least JMD 2,000,000. The application for GCT registration must be submitted within 21 days after taxable activity has started. A temporary GCT certificate will be issued to the family upon recognize of the application for GCT. Documents to be submitted are the following1. Completed application for TRN Number Organisations2. NIS number confirming that the company is not yet liable to National Insurance. 3. Certified copy of Articles of Incorporation4. Authorisation letter if the TRN application is being made by a third party. The business will be affected by the hea lth and safety regulations ,particulary with regard to oil spills.The entrepreneur must be familiar with all legal requirements for occupational health and safety,and must ensure full compliance.Ethical IssuesCJs will make the aspect of ethical issues priority as it relates to the development of the business. CJS Cuisine will endeavour to do its trump in not to be involved in ignoring health, safety and environmental standards. The business will ensure that all these aspects meet the necessary requirement in order to avoid instances such as food poisoning .we will aim to meet a good nutritional standard for all meals,with a balance of proteins and other requirements.

Ethical behaviour in business Essay Example for Free

Ethical behaviour in employment EssayIn this job I will be explaining how my business (Ben and Jerrys) could change or alter some of its practices and showing how these changes would tote up to improved honest behaviour. The ethical issues I will be workings on argon CSR and work reasonablely.Corporate social responsibility Businesses do non exist in isolation nor is it simply solely to extend to money a lot of factors come into play. Customers, suppliers and the local community are ein truth last(predicate) touch by the business and its operations. Ben and Jerrys products, and the way they produce them alone be possessed of an impact on the environment. CSR is all about businesses understanding the effects that they have on the community/wider world. Businesses will use this impact in a positive way to benefit both their business and the wider world. CSR means that business such as Ben and Jerrys will have to take liable attitude, going beyond the minimum legal r equirements (as be ethical is strictly something you dont have to do by law) and following basic principles that apply. How Ben and Jerrys are responsible to smart set?Ben and Jerrys take on corporate social responsibilities, taking natural process to achieve more desired goals to expand their business growth and as easily as maintaining open line discourse with employees to gain a better outcome. Ben and Jerrys conduct various CSR activities, some of these include Use of Fairtrade ingredients- Ben and Jerrys first started using Fairtrade certified ingredients in 2005 they pledged in 2010 that by the end of 2013 they will go fully Fairtrade. Ben and Jerrys work with dairy farmers and other farmers from third world countries, they source ingredients like cocoa, vanilla pods and various other ingredients. Fair Trade standards en accredited that employees in these countries have good and safe working conditions, work reasonable hours and paid a bazar amount for their work. Cor porate Philanthropy- Corporate alms self-aggrandizing in simple terms means a businesss care/love of humanity.Ben and Jerrys a portion of its pre-tax profits to corporate philanthropy in attempts to become more socially responsible. Corporate philanthropy is led by employees through the BJs foundation and community action teams. Ben and Jerrys award 1.8 trillion dollars to a philanthropy (an organisation that helps communities and the welfare of others) every year in and around Vermont, where Ben and Jerryswas ab initio set up. Engaging the Community through Community-based Projects- other way in which Ben and Jerrys is engaging in corporate responsibility to society is by setting up community based development projects. The Vermont dairy Farm Sustainability Project, which was launched by Ben Jerrys in 1999, set out to develop practical methods that could be utilise on day-to-day dairy operations to keep the water quality safe from nitrogen and match while not sacrificing the economic viability of the farm and making the farm a sustainable business.How trick Ben and Jerrys change/alter corporate social responsibilities (listed above) to contri only whene even more to improved business ethical behaviour? Ben and Jerrys do all they tin can to make certain that they are socially responsible to stakeholders. They have engaged in a wide variety of activities/projects to in true that they do what they claim to do and that is to be as responsible to the wider community as much as they can, this includes Fairtrade, good working conditions, human-centred concerns and other key factors in making sure that the community is affected in a positive manner. There is no denying that Ben and Jerrys are very successful in their business operations and also their responsibility toward the society. But there are instances where they can improve on certain things. First of all the business follow all ethical procedures from Sourcing ingredients fairly to protecting the environment to the best of their abilitys, but if you were to be picky Ben and Jerrys are unethical in the sense that they are promoting unhealthy food. straightaway to most people this will not seem like a huge deal, but because obesity levels are on the increase and campaigns have been set up to tackle obesity and unhealthy eat, it seems jolly of a contradictory move by Ben and Jerrys to promote and sell Ice cream. This is being very, very picky however as they, like mentioned earlier, they ensure various factors are done ethically. You can get by that their advertisements and marketing techniques do not in any way state the products are healthy, so its not that they are misleading people. Some people may say that all Ben and Jerrys do is sell unhealthy, fattening, chocolate rich ice creams, which can be considered a bit unethical.So in order to tackle this issue and make the company an even more ethically operating organisation, they can introduce healthier ice-cream or produc e something alongside their standard ice-creams which is significantly healthier. They can use ingredients thatare healthier/low fat and implement a recipe that is just as good if not better than the original. This would head to better ethical behaviour by Ben and Jerrys because it allows them to give people refer an option of purchasing healthy (healthier) ice-cream. This will also mean that they are somewhat promoting healthier eating as people will look at them and trust highly of them as they are taking these obesity concerns into consideration and doing something about it.Trading fairlyTrading fairly is a movement which strives for fair treatment for farmers. In a fair trade agreement, farmers will negotiate with the purchasers in order to adopt a fair price for their products. Farmers who engage in fair trade also aim to succumb their workers a fair price, and engage in environmentally-friendly practices.How Ben and Jerrys trade fairly?Ben and Jerrys have two-fold tasks/ missions they conduct to ensure that their operations are done fairly. First of all they are using fair trade. Using the Fairtrade method means that farmers who supply the ingredients get a fair pay, working and living environment. Another way in which they trade fairly is that they give back to society. This may seem like it is not directly trading fairly but Ben and Jerrys do give something back to society. What they do is that they function the company in a way that actively recognizes the central role that business plays in society by initiating innovative ways to improve the quality of life locally, nationally and internationally ( Source Ben and Jerrys website). So while they are producing high quality ingredients at the same time they are giving back to society locally, nationally and internationally. How can Ben and Jerrys change/alter trading fairly (listed above) to contribute even more to improved business ethical behaviour? Like with the previous point I struggled to re ally find an area within Ben and Jerrys that they need improving on so I had to be picky, the same goes for trading fairly.Ben and Jerrys seem to tick all the boxes when it comes to trading fairly I mean they do everything from Fairtrade to providing the community that little something back. But If I were to be picky I think there is one thing that they might have to improve on ever so sparingly and that is the marketing ofthe products. The criticism that I have for their marketing is that they have allegedly a couple of clock offended customers with the names of their ice creams. Now this may not seem like it has nothing to do with trading fairly but it is. The reason as to why it is because customers are ultimately the ones keeping your business going, now if they were offended with the marketing techniques such as naming then they will be clothe off in the future. Although Ben and Jerrys have admitted to using cheeky names on their ice creams they do not do this with the inten tion of offend people although they have mislead/offended a few.Although they have now changed the names of those products and it was a one off incident theyll be keen to make sure that this does not happen in the future. (The source where I found out about the names of products offending customers- http//www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/09/19/hazed-and-confused_n_5845650.html) So in order to alter the trading of products Ben and Jerrys can make sure that in future releases of new Ice cream they choose names carefully and make sure that they do not refer to anything in a bad light . Ben and Jerrys are cognize for their innovative names but in order to prevent people from getting offended they can make sure they choose names that are simple in the sense that people wint get offended. They will have to take into consideration various factors that could offend people and make sure that names that are obvious to offend people are not used and well away from the products they make.

Effects of Pollution on World Economy Essay Example for Free

Effects of Pollution on World deliverance EssayToday, the developing in the realism population and the fact that im turn out lives pass alongs to intent in the cities could merely mean more defilement and a misgiving for ein truth ace. The daily requisites of the humans have created an depressed world w present human enterprise would not be ignored. The direct or indirect involvement such has been created by the necessity to survive largely as the study reason. Although, at times the basic drag behind that, is the human nature to live comfortable lives by reservation work easier. Human activities on the bet of the earth have affected the natural settings leading to major purlieual impacts.Damage to the environs through pollution has always been the overriding result rather than improvement and development. In the recent increase in green ho purpose gas emissions have been rampant therefore warranting research, analyses and survey. The green house gases intro mit degree centigrade dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons that cause air pollution chemicals responsible for water pollution water and new(prenominal) metals that cause pollution to land and water (Hill, 2004). The analysis of pollution The graph below illustrates the yearly carbon emissions from contrastive regions from 1800 up to 2000 in Million metric tons of carbon per year.From, this graph it is clear that the near leading countries in carbon emissions rank among the most developed countries. Developing countries and the less developed countries standardized Africa rank the lowest from this graph. It has been explained that less developed and developing countries is that economic costs of environmental regulation and contour are small in respect to genes of occupation inclining more to those that influence comparative returns (Gallagher, 2004) Source Carbon Dioxide In goation Analysis Center, Online, n. d.There is evidence that increase in economic increment lead s to an increase in pollution has been authenticated by the research in Mexico by the use of Kuznet curve. What Gallagher in his piece of music says is that pollution surpasses the economic growth consequently the industries must come with strong environment strategies to understand hat the growth of both are at per. Otherwise pollution leads to loss of profits make by an industry. This room that pollution eats back to what has lead to the accumulation of wealth (Gallagher, 2004). Pollution do from a negative out learn What do we mean by the term environment?The environment is be of the natural situations that form the human living space. This means that these are the inputs for nature that man has to turn to at one point of his biography for survival or to aid in acquisition of an otherwise primal need in his or her life. In economic terms the environment is seen as a unusual good that has its own special attributes (Siebert, 2007). The argument is that environment has two conflicting functions, one being a public consumption good and the other a home for deposition of waste from the consumption and production attendes.The transformation of the environment on the other hand has affected the humans and the enterprise leading to a cyclic system a system that full treatment by triggering form one end and the process comes back trough and from another end. One of the major environmental impacts has been pollution thus this research paper leave concern on how pollution affects the world deliverance from all perspectives. Pollution in the world has seen the increase in carbon dioxide and fixation of nitrogen present in air since the start of industrial revolution.The major reason for this increase is due to human activities changing and recoursing the natural law order of making and degeneration of organic and inorganic substances. Fresh water available sources have been put into human use and millions of birds have gone to extinction due to human acti vities. It is very clear that the rate of degeneration caused by man is much faster than the way natural order would take to re grade back or deal with the amount of excretion. This therefore, means we have a cause to worry because in the quest for convention of the earth and to improve our lives the other side of the balance is getting heavier.The process of natural replacement requires one to a hundred years to be effective therefore if pollution goes on with the same human body of alarming rate then man has to use his own means to replace the depleted materials to their sea captain trains. This is very costly and affects the worlds thriftiness negatively (Ash Scholes, 2005). It is thus essential to harmonize the different views on pollution to achieve pragmatism and success in the fight against mans environment eventual extinction due to his own activities.This statement stems from the fact that pollution rates are different form the position of the country or region in tha t developing countries have the highest rates of pollution. This is a result of inadequate and many times lack of planning policies for the management of the waste form industries. On the other hand the rampant corruption harbored in these countries contributes immensely to the mismanagement of funds meant for the environment conservation and measures taken to avert the consequences of industrial effluents.However this does not mean that the developed countries are an exempt from this blame. some of the most developed countries corresponding America have large number of pollution from industries leading to hole destruction of animals especially in rivers lakes. At times these pollutant ranges to national border do transported by agents like water and wind. Most of the large world economies since 1980s have adopted the liberalized economy. This involves the right to engage in free trade using the available means of production.This thus, raises the concern of economy from the eff ect of pollution as a result of different countries applying all their resources to beat their inadequacy. This has translated to pollution taking two major turns. The send-off is the pollution from production and the second is pollution arising from consumption. In the quest to sustain energy production and adapted supply of power major economies like China have resulted to using nuclear energy. This source of energy is renewable but has high dangers of leaking emission s to the atmosphere which can be lethal.The fact is that if it is lethal then it upsets the supply of labor if death occurs due to its results (Ash and Scholes, 2005). Labor is a very important factor of production which when terminated can lead to closure of factories besides causing negative growth. A very good example is the Bhopal accident in India that lead to the closure of the pesticide company due to death of 2000 to 8000 workers hours after(prenominal) the accident. Therefore the increased concern in t he world environmental management has lead to United Nations concern of a fast fading natural setting world.This can be explained by the Kyoto protocol of 1997 which want to achieve stabilization of green house gas concentrations in the atmosphere from dangerous levels that cause anthropogenetic interference with the climate of the world. Many less developed and developing countries find themselves in situations of lack of copious capital to invest in the crease equipment. It is therefore to assign a mammoth t consider to ask these business firms or industries to assign capital for purposes of preventing pollution.The implication from such kind of scenarios is that the externalities of pollution end up being passed to the society and to the governments indirectly. It is common in these economies to find that strategic industries are exempted from policies that are meant to curb the externalities because governments are not in position to make policies of internalization due to t he importance attached (Stellman Bureau, 1998). Pollution has proved to be very costly to countries in terms of health and safety, waste, and clean up costs.Of most crucial point to be noted is the reduced life expectancy especially in developing nations. When pollution either air, water, land, noise or any other has adverse effects to the humans it becomes a major concern to check and rationalize the existence of such a firm or industry. Human life should be first be respected from any angle of perspective. The United Nations millennium goals state that life is a right that is inalienable. Therefore, the s uninfectedest notion that life human life is at risk should not be taken lightly.Gravity lies at the core of issues pertaining pollution and disturbance of human life. The greatest damage to the economy would be to destroy human life emanating from pollution. First it is not easy to diagnose the various signs and symptoms resulting from instances of pollution in the environment. This requires specialized personnel, equipments and a variety of high demanding technology to sort out the problem. Nonetheless, some of the effects to human health are life lasting thus the issues of compensation cannot be avoided.The point here is that a long and time exposure to pollution is an expense to the economy of a country. The expenditure in treating and maintaining health of humans caused by pollution is a major drawback to achieving success in the global development especially if the magnitude of such pollution is very prolonged over a long decimal point of time (Limited, 2001). The other way of looking at the effect of pollution to the economy is the customer similitude to pollution. From the point of any organization, firm, or business the ultimate final goal is to make profit.This means that form the management of business affairs all means must be employed to remain in the grocery for a long time and outdo other rival business or firms. This from the business po int of view is very encouraging but to look at the other side of the face it has an ugly look. Pollution being a costly project requires planning for efficiency to balance internalities and externalities of a business. The damage that is done to the economy is that this cost is passed to the consumer. Such an economy where the consumer is robbed of the power to buy is a wearied economy that is not driven by the market forces.It results to exploitation of the employer to the employee sine he has the means. The employee only works to achieve the basic needs. There is no pleasure derived from work thus the value of work in such an economy is downtrodden (Driesen, 2003). Pollution had had a unnumbered of problems and affects the economy of the world in a myriad ways. It is therefore, pertinent to mention that it great power not be possible to tackle al of them. However, one major effect of pollution to the economy is international trade.The concept of international trade operates for m the point of multinational companies moving to transnational border and trade relations between states. The fact that most of the products are transported from their place of manufacture to heir places of consumption means that they offer employment, so when such goods are found to be below standards or then they might be rejected. This means that the number of people who were working from these firms is located off. This increases the rate of unemployment of such places in such countries.In this context, if such firms are closed the chances to improve are thwarted thus no chance is given to the possibility of innovation (Driesen, 2003). Conclusion In the light of this research paper it is worth to note that the effects of pollution have also a despotic side. Already discussed above are the negative effects thus, the following part will try to look at the positive aspect of pollution. It might sound rather unconvincing but the approach will try to authenticate the concern corre ctly. Pollution being seen from the international trade of states lens can lead to effective prevention.This is possible from the fact that if a certain state identifies a certain product to be a pollutant then measures to control the production of such a product are put in place. This means that the regulations will apply to other state trading with this nation. This means that the overall economies are focus to have products that are acceptable to them and to other member states. This at he same time means that if pollution prevention measures are put in place the firms and manufacturing companies seek the alternative of innovating other methods to name better goods that are in lime with the regulations on pollution prevention.This means that the products that arise as a result for this new invention are better placed thus they penetrate markets to leap to a great extent at the expense of the earlier polluting products. This raises the firms reputation as well as the market adv antage (Driesen, 2003). At the same time, this new invention lead to offer of new employment thus the once aversive pollution firm now becomes the centre of interest by complete deepen of ideology and repackaging.If a manufacturing firm changes its products from the polluting ones to the zero or less polluting ones there is an increase in the requirement from the market due to the increase in population. This means that industrialization takes human life and aspects to another level of civilization. Thus, if there is no pollution we might be stagnating with obsolete technology that does not help mankind. Tabb argues that an economy grows from the pollution that emanates from the industries. If workers must die from pollution and in the response economy grows, then pollution is might be justified (Tabb, 1992).

The Ideal Society Essay Example for Free

The Ideal Society EssayIn its altruistic sense, the disposal figure outs as an instrument of representation of the tribe who have form it and at that placefore has the responsibility to govern beginicipation as an epitome of all wills unified into a single essence. However, a government does not necessarily possess power, since power is mediated or delegated by society itself to a select group of leading that use such power in secernate to benefit the community as a whole. Still, in the languish run, as society evolves from its crude state where no set of laws and morals govern homosexual condition, the undivided learns to commune with the other(a) and learn to harmonize the human condition. From human experience, social laws be formed and these laws become the basis for the formation of a culture. It is done value-ideas and the word culture is in itself a finite segment in which prominent events be included. In a primitive society, man is concerned with the surr oundings and experience around it. From these habits and practices, it becomes a cultural norm that acts as a basis of living. On the other hand, society carcass common in terms of daily activities.These cultural article of beliefs, in the crude sense, act only as guidelines or moral markers for human creations to regulate and base their actions upon. Breaking such norms condition to specific punishments, depending on the gravity of the crime. These become the basis for the formulation of established laws and norms in society and as it continually evolves into a deeper and larger aspect, more perspectives are taken into account. In a basic precept of society, there are no sets of laws and moral norms to guide human act.Man first establishes a communal society in which every corpse benefits from labor produced as a whole. In each communal group, there are no perceptions on race, gender, or color. Rather, the perspective lies on the group itself (tribe). This society lives in har mony with pocket-sized or no thought in individual freedom. However, as society develops, with the need for private position and division of labor, the human race then adopts institutions of law for the protection of their rights. In addition, man is engaged in frequent competition and also becomes heavily dependent upon fellow men.Their individualistic essence is lost and there is a looming threat on mans freedom. Yet, by abandoning individual claims in order to join together through a generally accepted social agreement or contract, individuals can preserve their individuality and at the same time enjoy their freedom. Individuals submit to the rule of the general willthe collective agreement which protects individuals from being superseded by the will of others and ensures that this agreement is protected and obeyed because the majority becomes the authors of the law.As the progression of record treads on its regular path, it is inevitable for the human race to stratify and im prove its prevalent political and social systems in order to adjust with the demands of industrial and scientific progression. Naturally, the evolution of the human race coincides with the development and diversification of ideas and concepts. Society however, remains on its crudest form, even with the presence of new ideas and perspectives. For individuals basic essence of self-need remains the same and as long as individuals remain such, society can never change.Not every aspect of government is staring(a) but in essence, the idea remains good and noble. However, once these structures are put into context, there are still some gaping holes with regard its structure. The prevalent government forms are as follows commonwealth, Despotism, tumult, Monarchy, Theocracy, and among others. A monarchic government is one of the oldest forms of societal control through the ruling of the noble elite. However, the evidence through history suggests that the monarchy further instigates socia l class struggle, oppression, and ill-use.Theocracy has the same effect though society is controlled by the religious elite. Anarchy is the complete opposite of the government, basing from the simple precept that humans are motivated by selfish desires and thence no form of government can adhere or address the needs of the many. Democracy is plausibly the closest form of an ideal government in a producen society since its main ideals give emphasis on sovereignty and equality and liberalism. Society is organized through a single, governing body that has the arrogant authority to uphold and enforce the laws which society has created.This type of government is separated by ternion powers that have distinctive qualities in terms of authority, scope and power so as to prevent abuse and dereliction of duty. In terms of individual subjectivity, French political philosopher Jean-Jacques Rosseau in his work The Social dumbfound discusses the natural inclination of man to develop socia l contracts that represent simultaneously the idea of the whole and individual need Each of us puts his psyche and all his power in common under the supreme direction of the general will, and in our corporate capacity, we receive each member as an indivisible part of the whole (Rousseau 2002, p. ).From this premise, societal behaviour naturally acts according to the contribution to the good that is, the general will acts as the supreme law of the land because of equality it tries to espouse. Like any other government however, we cannot say Democracy is the ideal state of society rather, it is close to the ideal societal structure because of its advocacies on freedom, equality and liberty. dissimilar the authoritarian rules of monarchy, theocracy, plutocracy or any other form of government where authority comes from a single person or single group, these kinds of governments are only applicable to societies in turmoil or chaos.Democracy allows a sense of individual freedom wherein it coincides with the greater good. In order to satisfy the basic human genius of individuality, an ideal government never takes for granted or abuses the individual spirit through constant dictatorship and dictatorship. In addition, an ideal government provides stability and organization in a specific society it governs upon the people itself is the government, and the representatives they elect are servants who fulfil their duties by addressing the needs of the people and country.

GAP Analysis Essay Example for Free

GAP Analysis try onMy profession of interest is _Energy Analyst_Please visit the O*NET Web site, and research the knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) that are demand for your desired profession. Complete the chart below to identify which of the KSAs you already have and which KSAs you need to acquire.KSA required in your desired job or professionDescription of how you gratify this requirementIf you do not meet this requirement, how can you acquire it? Building and ConstructionKnowledegePast Work with Mario Sinicola Construction and Certified Electrician node Service and Personal ServiceExperience with Customers with CountryWide lendingGeneral Studies of Math, Physics, Design, and EnglishAquiring my Associates degree in general business and working on bachelor-at-armss in Energy Deductive ReasoningHave staple fibre understanding to apply general rules to help the answer make senseNear VisionI have two eyes with both of them having 18/20 visionSystem AnalysisTo keep knowledg e through work experience and overly studies through school to gain the information needed. start out 2 Goal SettingUsing your gap analysis and what you have learned in this phase, sink 3 short-term goals to fill the gaps that you have in your KSAs and qualifications. Please make sure your goals are brisknessSpecificMeasurableAction-oriented (What action will you take?)RealisticTimedGap in yourKSA qualificationsshort-term goal to fill the gapTime frame to be completedNo degree in analysis or basic businessFind a business and become an apprentice1.5 geezerhoodObtain Business degree in data and Energy AnalysisUse exiting work and also find others already working in the field and gain knowledge from there2 long timeGeneral StudiesContinue education through college6 monthsPart 3 Revised Elevator destinationMy name is Gabriel Cheney shortly I am a student at Colorado Technical University. I have been in the U.S. Army and also sales man for multiple types of businesses. I am curr ently working on my associates degree in general business and looking to work towards a bachelor degree in Data Analysis. I currently am working at a menial software company that develops and produces point of sale systems for salons across the world. I am looking to find a position in the company the will allow me to grow in this field that I care to work in the future.

Kanoa K. Essay Example for Free

Kanoa K. EssayKanoa K. is by far one of the just ab come out of the closet unfor pop offtable characters of my life. He is not only my boy trembler, he is my best friend, someone I crawl in would assist me through unvoiced times, and someone who has helped me through tough times. If Kanoa were a fictional character, it would be very difficult to determine whether he is a believable character. He is one of the most perfect and awesome stack I know, making him flimsy. Kanoa is always helping his friends and me he has a kind heart and is a rock-steady someone, which is something I only truly find in a few individuals. Another thing that makes Kanoa an unbelievable character is his uniqueness. He is not your ordinary boy, Kanoa is masculine yet sensitive he knows himself very come up and is different from most. Kanoa is a skater but isnt a jerk, punk or fool, I believe that this is because he knows what he is and what hes not, he doesnt let stereotypes clear to him. It is n ot typical for a sixteen-year-old to know himself or herself so well.Some things make Kanoa Kruse a very believable character. He is a deep, complex individual who has hopes and dreams just as everyone else does. He has a direction in life an estimation of what he wants to do with his future, a notion of what he wants his lifetime occupation to be. Because Kanoa is a human being, he does make mistakes. Whenever Kanoa makes a mistake, he learns and grows from the experience.Kanoa has changed over the years, as anyone does. At first, he started of as a person I passed by in the hallways. The first day I saw him, I was el withal. I didnt know who he was, not even his name, the only thing I can think intellection was, oh, hes cute. He was 13, an eighth grader. Since I was a sixth grader, the lowest grad, I didnt make a single effort to know him he was just a pretty face. A year passed and I made some new friends, one of my friends was a fair-haired, side of meat boy named Jacob. Ja cob and I began to talk a lot one reoccurring topic of our conversation was Kanoa. Jacob told me that I would get along really well with Kanoa the three of use should hang out sometime. I didnt remember whom Jacob was talking about, I only knew Kanoa by face and not by name. Kanoa and I did not get to meet each other that year.In December 2007, I cut out my horoscope for that month out of a fashion magazine. My horoscope stated that on the twenty-sixth of this month, one of my close friends would try to hook me up with one of their friends. At the time, I just rolled my eyes and tacked the clipping to my corkboard, I didnt believe, even in my wildest dreams that this horoscope would come true. On December 26, I woke up to the buzzing of my cellphone, it was my close friend Jacob, He told me that his friend Kanoa wanted to be hooked up with me. Jacob had been telling Kanoa about me and Kanoa wanted to give things a chance and see how they end up, I decided to accept his offer and get to know him. Since then, Kanoa and I have been dating. At first, he started of as a pretty face, then he became a friend of a friend and now he is one of the most important people to me, I know he will always be here for me when I need him.

The North Wind and the Sun Essay Example for Free

The northwestward Wind and the Sun EssayThe northwesterly Wind and the Sun is about two different personalities and how they do blend in to get things done.The northeastward Wind is real arrogant and has a personality that is very strong. He is likewise very impatient, he wants things done immediately and he wants it done his way. He is the type who intimidates people and could very well be the type to instil fear in his subordinates. This type of shotgun-in-your-face approach will work against some people until you come across individuals who have a mind of their own. Some people guess it a point to resist very strong individuals and this could pose a problem especially when North Winds are leaders.When that happens, it is the personality of the Sun which can win them over. Personalities like the Sun do not put down their wants and needs. Personalities like the Sun do not make de piece of musicds nor put pressure on people. They have completed that a better approach t o getting what they want is to be subtle. They have mastered the art of manipulating individuals into doing what they (the Sun) wants by making them (the individuals) think that they decide and act for themselves. It is this subtlety that makes people like the Sun more telling leaders.The human in this story, like in most stories of Greek and Roman mythology, is the plaything of the Sun and the North Wind. He is at the mercy of their whims. So when these two entities decide to test their strength through a competition, this hapless man becomes their focus.They were quite smart because in order to settle their dispute, they did not ask for the mans opinion. They did not come down from the heavens to ask who is stronger? Instead they decided to settle their junk by watching the humans reaction to the force they exerted. He, in essence, acted as a fair and impartial judge in a contest he did not know he was mediating.

BIOLOGY VOCABULARY AND ASSESSMENT Essay Example for Free

BIOLOGY VOCABULARY AND ASSESSMENT Essay1. Binomial nomenclature Linnaeuss system of denomination organisms, giving a scientific two-word name to each species- the first part being the genus, and the second the species2. carve up taxonomic group that contains one or more connect orders3. Classification grouping of organisms or objects establish on a set of criteria that helps organize, communicate, and withhold culture4. Division taxonomic term used alternatively of phylum to group related classes of plants and bacteria5. Domain taxonomic group of one or more kingdoms6. Family taxonomic group of similar, related genera that is smaller than a genus and larger than an order7. Genus taxonomic group of closely related species with a common ancestor8. Kingdom taxonomic group of closely related phyla or divisions9. suppose taxonomic group that contains related families10. Phylum taxonomic group of related classes11. Taxon named group of organisms ex phylum, species12. Taxonomy pegle g of biology that identifies, names, and classifies species based on their natural relationships. CH 17 SEC 213. Character inherited morphologic or biochemical feature that14. Cladistics taxonomic method that models evolutionary relationships based on divided derived characters and phylogenetic trees15. Cladogram branched diagrams that represents the hypothesized phylogeny or evolution of a species or group uses bioinformatics, morphological studies, and information from DNA studies16. Molecular clock model that uses comparisons of DNA sequences to estimate phylogeny and rate of evolutionary motley17. Phylogney evolutionary history of a speciesCH 17 SEC 318. Archaea the species classified in Domain Archaea19. Fungus unicellular or multicellular eukaryote that is stationary, absorbs nutrients from organic materials in the environment, and has cell walls that contain chitin20. Protist unicellular, multicellular, or colonial eukaryote whose cell walls may contain cellulose can be pl ant-like, animal-like, or fungus-like17.1 ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS1. It is easier to communicate and retain information about organisms when they are categorized into groups.2. In the name given to an organism according to binominal nomenclature, the first part is the genus name, and the second part is the specific epithet, or specific name, that identifies the species.3. In modern mixture systems, people could classify organisms not only on morphological and behavioral characteristics, but also include evolutionary relationships.4. The giant panda is of the Animalia Kingdom, Chordata Phylum, Mammalia Class, Carnivora Order, Ursidae Family, Ailuropoda Genus and Melanoleuca Species.5. Since the phyla includes double classes, there would be more biodiversity in the phylum than in the class.6. Taxonomy involves classifying species, but systematics involves discovering new species and relationships. They incorporate information from taxonomy in their studies.

E-Commerce and Intellectual Property Essay Example for Free

E-Commerce and Intellectual space EssayIntroductionE-commerce is defined by the UNCITRAL as Transactions in international merchandise argon carried out by means of electronic selective in get toation interc give eare and other means of communication commonly referred to as electronic commerce, which involve the office of alternatives to paper-based forms of communication and storage of information. The rapid expansion of e-commerce is forcing countries to look again at how to regulate trade and noetic property.The amazing development of telecommunication devices and means, and of computers and related services, has made all these services and products available to a very large number of people in the earthly concern. In highly-developed countries, the use of computers has been highly promoted, and it is commonplace to find people who ar fully familiarized with computers and who are used to dealing with computer technologies much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the net profit .Relying On Private AgreementsAt the present time, the development of e-commerce has some(prenominal) barriers, such as the drop of security for electronic transactions, and the low purchasing power of a large part of the population, approximately of whom do not sire credit cards. Also, people prefer to buy dangerouss from real shops rather than from virtual shops due to the lack of security in electronic transactions and the increased problems relating to the falsification of credit cards, sig reputations and mail stealth among others.First of all, to login to an information network, people use several programs and devices to retrieve information. People use computers, modems, switchboards, communication devices, routers, hubs, etc, and separately ane of these products whitethorn be the subject of a patent or a copyright, and whenever in that location is an intellectual property right involved, there is the possibility of an infringement.Secondly, a ample deal of informa tion is published in the Internet, and all this information is exposed to misuse. Probably, ace of the most frequent practices on the Internet is that users take split of web pages and copy them onto their computers from indeed on, they are able to use, reproduce and modify the retrieved information to the extent they wish. This may infringe intellectual property rights such as trade marks, trade names, slogans or copyrights.Protection downstairs the IP lawLegislation modifications should be focused on trade laws and even much on international trade laws. The intellectual property laws are reasonably prepared to handle the boom of e-commerce activities in the forthcoming years, with provisions that offer the means to protect all intellectual property rights. Probably, the recent intro of the so-called domain name is the reason why it has not been implicated yet in most intellectual property laws. But, even in some countries, policies puzzle been created for the adjustmen t of domain names and if necessary, procedures for potcellation of registration in cases of infringement of intellectual property rights.More often than not, one of the most valuable assets in e-commerce and the largest potentiality source of future income is the information database created across time in the sum guess. Unfortunately, some e-commerce proposals do not even mention this. But if the information-gathering activity is not mentioned, the possibility of failure persists, to treat the wakeless rights to that information and the income it generates.Enhancing the upside of e-commerce takes narrow suffer analysis and planning. E-commerce, in general, and strategical online partnerships in particular, are inveterate to emerge and evolve in ways that are increasingly attractive to sleepers and their members. But at the very(prenominal) time that standoffs are realizing the benefits of such relationships, certain(p) new good developments require careful analysis to see to it that the association avoids potential legal and financial risk associated with its online activity.Unfortunately, the legal environment does not yet have much legal precedent on which lawyers and their clients may rely. At the same time, new legal developments are emerging. These realities pose tough challenges with adherence to minimizing the associations legal risks while maximizing its economic rewards. Consequently, forging the effective low-risk partnerships in demand(p) will be nearly impossible to do solely. Rather, the associations legal counsel will quest to catch up with particular attention to the details of the online partnerships the organization may acquireas wellhead as the needs that define them.New intelligent DevelopmentsThree of some a(prenominal) developments complicating e-commerce legal analysis are the case of United Cancer Council the Intermediate Sanctions tidy sum of the informal Revenue Code and the Uniform Computer Information Tran sactions exploit, which is currently being introduced in all state legislatures for enactment.United Cancer CouncilUCC is a spin-off of the Ameri hobo Cancer Society. The IRS retroactively revoked UCCs federal official income tax exemption for its bulky-term contract in a word surmisal with a for-profit participation. In short, UCC lost in the U.S. Tax Court, won a reversal and new trial on appeal, and latterly settled with the IRS in the first place the second tax court trial. Based on my experience as one of the UCC lawyers at the tax court trial and on my observations of the interactions of IRS lawyers at that time, it is firmly believed the IRS will now engage its UCC positions to e-commerce ventures of nonprofit organizations.The IRS positions that emerged from this case should raise a red flag for associations when it comes to the planning and development of their own online joint ventures. In essence, associations must(prenominal) scrutinize arrangements in which The re is too much contractual obtain of the venture by the for-profit Funds belonging to the nonprofit flow to the benefit of the for-profit comp each Too small a portion of joint venture proceeds are obtained by the nonprofit Too large a portion of the joint venture proceeds are obtained by the for-profit The contract term is too long (e.g., five years) and/or Insufficient competition exists in the selection of the for-profit company.Intermediate sanctionsIntermediate sanctions, part of the Internal Revenue Code, tax individuals, not organizations. term intermediate sanctions most often tax employees and volunteers associated with a 501(c)(3) or 501(c)(4) organizationor with an affiliate or foundation that has such status even if the organization does notother individuals also may be taxed . Typically, this might include outsiders who have hard influence all over dissipation benefit and revenue-sharing transactions.For example, suppose an associations brain executive officer or one of its department directors negotiates a contract with a for-profit company for a joint venture through which the company earns $1 million. If the IRS determines that the outside company had substantial influence over the actions of the association in this venture, such that under normal circumstances the companys earnings would have been only $800,000, then the excess benefit to the outside companyin this case $200,000is the amount to which the tax applies.The good news is that in this scenario the association is not taxed. The bad news is that the association CEO or department director may well be. While the outside company may be taxed at 25 percent of the excess benefit, for instance, the association supply members involved in negotiating the contract may be taxed at 10 percent of the excess benefit. Additionally, the tax applies for every year during which the challenged transaction remains uncorrected. In this particular scenario, that could mean that after foursome year s the outside company may be taxed at 100 percent and the association staff members involved may be taxed at 40 percent.How, then, merchant ship association staff and volunteers be certain that the organization develops and negotiates joint-venture agreements in ways that wont expose them to intermediate sanctions? Heeding the bulleted points listed within the UCC section earlier in this article is a good start. In asset, individuals may get the benefit of a presumption of information if disinterested directors approve the transaction, and use comparability data, and document their work.Uniform Computer Information Transactions ActUCITA is the first federal law superlativeing transactions involving computer information, and most often this will include e-commerce transactions. Virginia and Maryland have already passed UCITA, and many other states will do so by the remove of 2001. Since UCITA is widely regarded as a vendor-oriented statute, participants in transactions covered b y the actsuch as an association undertake for a new Web site or other online ventureswill face a greater need for up-front legal planning.At least part of this initial planning must include determining what changes to build to ensure effective warranty and liability provisions for the association, since guidelines provided by older laws will no long apply. Careful analysis during early planning of the online venture will be all the more burning(prenominal) because UCITA has its own list of mandatory, non-negotiable provisions.Related rulingsIn addition to UCC, intermediate sanctions, and UCITA, recent court cases have address taxation of royalty income from activities such as traditional parity programs that have migrated online and electronic publishing and database ventures. The good news is that the courts have sided with associations claiming tax-free royalties. The bad news is that achieving that result without careful legal planning and write remains as tough as ever.Li kewise, the IRS recently reissued its regulations addressing the unrelated business income tax (UBIT) exception for sponsorship income. moneymaking(prenominal) companies are increasingly interested in sponsoring the associations activities, including those taking place on the Internet. The regulations limit the situations in which income from sponsorships can be tax-free.And finally, the IRS issued a revenue ruling on hospital joint ventures that also applies to other exempt-organization joint ventures. That ruling emphasizes contractual authorization provisions in the joint venture. In essence, too much control by the commercial joint venture partner can endanger the tax-exempt status. The ruling suggests a three-part safe harbor test for associations to protect their exempt status. First, the dominant calculate of the joint venture should be one of the tax-exempt purposes of the association. Second, private or for-profit benefit must be merely incidental. And third, the associa tion must have effective control of the venture.Online Income ModelsOne easy way to classify strategic online partnerships is by the nature of the income the association will receive and what can be done to make that income tax-free. It is critical at the initiation of evaluating an e-commerce proposal to realize that achieving tax-free income by accident is extremely unlikely. More and more during recent decades the IRS has administered UBIT as a tax that applies to almost all association income unless it is intentionally structured that income to fit within UBIT exclusion. hostile to traditional thinking, the income is not automatically tax-free simply because the organization is tax-exempt. Here is an over setting of the primary online revenue-sharing models.RoyaltiesOnline partners may have the permission to use the associations name and logo on its site in trade for a royalty. Partners may be licensed to use information gathered on the e-commerce site for its own commercial purposes, in exchange for a royalty.CommissionsThe organization may provide services and get paid a commission. That is chiefly considered taxable income. In many cases, the same activity would be better structured, legally and tax-wise, as a royalty. From a legal perspective, a royalty arrangement is preferable because the association would be considered as a passive licensor rather than an active participant in the business, thereby avoiding liability for legal claims against that business.A royalty arrangement would also be better tax-wise because the royalty would be tax-free. However, as is evident by their associations contracts, many association executives do not fully understand that a commission cannot be made into a royalty by simply calling it that. First and foremost, the facts of the arrangement have to change.SponsorshipsA company may be authorized to sponsor a Web page, a Web-based educational program, or almost anything else in exchange for a sponsorship payment. If the sponsor does not receive a substantial return benefit, the payment can be tax-free. It must be realize, however, that large sponsorship payments often come with strings attached, so sponsorship regulations require careful analysis. For example, the IRS deals somewhat harshly with exclusive sponsorships in which the sponsors competitors are prohibited from providing their goods or services to the members.Charitable Contributions miscellaneous agreements are being promoted by commercial companies to get charities involved in their online commercial ventures in exchange for making payments to the charities. These payments are sometimes characterized as charitable contributions. If someone pays money to a commercial company with the understanding and intent that a portion of it will go to a charity as a gift, that gift may be properly characterized by the charity as a contribution to the charity, and therefore be considered tax-free income. However, this isnt always the case. If th e charity provides services to the commercial company, for example, the IRS may classify the income as a fee for services. Each charitable partnership proposal requires individual analysis.Business-to-business Internet marketplacesMany associations are considering the online business-to-business model, initiated both on their own or with an outside partner. A vertical B-to-B marketplace automates procurement by bringing buyers and sellers together for transactions, and sometimes providing and/or gathering industry-specific information. A horizontal marketplace provides goods and services generic to many businesses, such as office supplies or business insurance. Internet marketplace relationships in particular declare rise to several key issues. Taxation. standoffs that run these Internet activities on their own can obtain several types of income, including fees for each consummated transaction. Absent a compelling argument that the service provided primarily benefits the public, such fees are likely to be taxable income. Associations that license their name and logo to a commercial marketplace operator, however, can collect tax-free royalties. Control. The do-it-yourself model permits more control than the licensing model. However, licensing agreements may provide quality control standards for the partner actually providing the product or service. Antitrust concerns. Either type of Internet marketplace raises substantial antitrust concerns (collusion and anticompetitive results) at the Justice Department and the Federal Trade Commission. These concerns are best handled while screen background up the marketplace, by the way the marketplace is structured, and through specific provisions in underlying legal documents.Migrating To The InternetSome associations are migrating traditional activities to the Web. For example, publications are being moved online, as are family relationship programs. What happens to the legal and tax issues surrounding these activi ties within an online context? The answer may be not much, or a spile. Not much happens if it is considered that a royalty is not changed to taxable income, or vice versa, by converting the member insurance affinity program to a Web-based marketing and application process. But a lot can happen if it is considered that new issues may arise that were less important, or even non-existent, prior to the migration.For example, solitude issues abound on the Internet. Will the members be more reluctant to supply insurance applications or claims data electronically? They well could be if they understand the evolution of privacy and security on the Internet. When asked about his companys Internet privacy policy, Scott McNealy, chairman and chief executive officer of Sun Microsystems, said the policy could be utter in eight simple words There is no Internet privacy. Get over it.Migrating an affinity program to the Web also raises a variety of legal and tax linking questions that will not be resolved anytime soon. For instance, is the link from an association site to an insurance providers site intellectual property that can be licensed for a royalty? Probably. Can a nonprofit, especially a Section 501(c)(3)or 501(c)(4) organization, give remote the linkmeaning permit the link to be used without charge? Probably not, because this could raise exempt-status issues, and for those two types of organizations, intermediate sanctions issues (taxation of individuals) as well. In addition, especially for charities, state attorneys general might object to diversions of charitable assets.E-Commerce ContractsWhy do organizations sign up for e-commerce sites so often strike out in the contract department?Strike one. Association leaders sign standard contracts that take away the organizations rights. And these contracts may reflect unintended legal relationshipsfor instance, the contract may describe the relationship as a partnership when it is actually intended to establish a lic ensor/licensee arrangement.Strike two. Association staff negotiates their own contract changes rather than using a lawyer to negotiate the legal documents.Strike three. The association does its own drafting rather than relying on legal analysis to go through out what laws apply, how to apply them to the contract, and how to integrate all parts of the contract. Out. When problems arise later, do not expect the contract for assistance.In e-commerce, as in baseball, three strikes typically mean that the player is out of the game. Failure to consider the complexities of old and new laws as they affect commercial activities on the Internet will strangle the income potential and increase the tax liability and other legal risk. Using legal counsel to help go the e-commerce activities with new legal developmentsand to design and negotiate the customized contracts imperative in the new economywill result in more income with less risk.Reducing e-Commerce RiskBecause online ventures are for the most part still a new addition to the family of association strategic partnerships, the potential for legal and financial risk is very real. But associations can reduce their risk by keeping four things in mind1. A new person in the market is less likely to do something right the first time through. When the potential to make mistakes is recognized, one may slow down enough to ask more questions and seek more help, rather than seek to move ahead at Internet speed.2. If the association is breaking new ground in the world of online ventures, recognize that the legal outcomes are less certain and potential dispute costs will be much higher, since no real legal precedence will be available on which to hang the hat.3. In an online world, the number of potential plaintiffs who may want to sue is infinitely larger than in the pre-online world.4. While Internet insurance policies are currently in the plant, many traditional policies dont explicitly state that they cover the associati ons e-commerce endeavors. This itself should encourage associations to proceed cautiously in their online ventures.Of course, careful analysis and development of any new venture early on will help reduce both legal and financial risk. To ensure that the associations strategic planning includes strategic thinking about the online initiatives, be sure to answer certain key questions as an early part of a comprehensive e-commerce action plan What new e-commerce activities are in the works throughout the association? What current e-commerce activities need legal review? What tax analysis has been done with regard to these activities, and what tax alternatives need more analysis? What budget steps must be taken before outside help is retained? Who should be on e-commerce planning team (e.g., senior information technology staff or consultant, insurance agent, lawyer, or certified public accountant)?ConclusionIn view of the great importance of e-commerce, it is absolutely necessary to hav e adequate decree. Such legislation must be adopted worldwide because the ease systems such as the Internet offer to the international trading of products or services, forces such transactions to be made in accordance with the trade law of each of the countries involved. The adequate legislation in each of the countries that perform electronic transactions will help the growth of e-business transactions.In view of the fact that e-commerce is in a very early stage of development in many countries, there is no specific legislation in this respect. As electronic commerce is not mentioned in any impartiality or Regulation, electronic transactions are not considered as valid for any enforcement purpose at this time. Meanwhile, in many countries, in the absence of any specific legislation, parties may rely on private agreements to govern their e-commerce transactions. However, the agreements will not be enforceable unless they are in written form and signed by both parties.Bibliography Barlow, J.P. WIRED 2.03 The Economy of Ideas. Available HTTP http//www.ifla.org/documents/infopol/copyright/jpbarlow.htm accessed on April 5, 2007.Digimarc. Digimarc. Available HTTP http//www.digimarc.com accessed on April 5, 2007.Edwards, L. Wealde, C. Law and the Internet Regulating Cyberspace, second edition. Oxford Hart, accessed on April 5, 2007.Free-Market.Net Spotlight on Intellectual Property. Available HTTP http//www.free-market.net/ glower/iproperty 03. December 2001, accessed on April 5, 2007.Gallfent, R. Introduction to Basic Notions of Industrial Property, WIPO/TM/KTM/97/1, November 1997Idris, Kamil, Intellectual Property, A ability Tool for Economic Growth, WIPO Pub. No. 888, January 2003Lehman, B.A. Support for Economic and Political Freedom. Available HTTP http//usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/intelprp/support.htm accessed on April 5, 2007.Lerch, D. Issues of Intellectual Property Copyright for Educators. Available HTTP http//lrs.ed.uiuc.edu/wp/copyright/issues_of_ ip.html, accessed on April 5, 2007Olsson, H. Introduction to Intellectual Property Law, WIPO/CNR/S/93/1, direful 1993The National Academies, The Digital Dilemma Intellectual Property in the Information Age. Available HTTP http//www4.nationalacademies.org/news.nsf/isbn/0309064996?OpenDocument accessed on April 5, 2007.UK palpable Office. Copyright History. Available HTTP http//www.patent.gov.uk/copy/history/ accessed on April 5, 2007UNCITRAL, History and Background, Guide to Enactment of the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce (1996) III. HISTORY AND BACKGROUND OF THE MODEL LAW, The United Nations Commission on planetary Trade Law as retrieved on April 5, 2007 from http//www.jus.uio.no/lm/un.electronic.commerce.model.law.1996/history.background.htmlVolkman, R. Software Ownership and Natural Rights. Online. Available HTTP http//www.southernct.edu/organizations/rccs/resources/ inquiry/intellectual_property/volkman_nat-rights.html accessed on April 5, 2007