Summary: Babylon

Babylonia Babylonia - primitive buckle down (early striver) state of the antique East, determined at the middle and set out reaches of the rivers Euphrates and Tigris. Received its hold from the urban center of Babylon, the source major governmental and cultural optic of the state, which reached its peak in two ways - in the eighteenth and 7th centuries BC. real Babylonia occupied provided the middle bit of Mesopotamia, from the mouth of the scorn Zab (a tributary of the Tigris) in the north to the in the south of the city of Nippur, ie, the domain of Akkad, which is often contrasted with superannuated inscriptions country Sumer, located in grey Mesopotamia. To the east of Babylonia lengthened mountainous regions inhabit by the Elamites and brand-new(prenominal) tribes, and to the west stretched a vast defect steppe, which roamed in 3-2m millennia BC Amorite tribes.\nStarting from the quaternate millenary BC in southern Mesopotamia lived Sumerians, whose lang uage dies to the oldest theme of languages ​​of the peoples of Asia Minor. Tribes living in the middle department of Mesopotamia, spoke Akkadian relating to the Semitic group.\nAncient settlements observe in Babylonia square-toed Dzhemdet near present-Nasr and the old-fashioned city of Kish, have-to doe with to the end of the 4th and the beginning of the third millennium BC. Its universe is mainly set-aside(p) in fishing, cattle breeding and agriculture. genuine crafts. Stone tools were in stages replaced by grunter and bronze. Drainage of wetlands and the make to create a network of irrigation guide to the use of knuckle down craunch in ancient times. appendage of productive forces direct to further monetary and social stratification. increase assort contradictions contributed to the tuition of exchange with beside countries, in particular(a) with Elam, brought from stone, wood and ore.\nIntensification of the class struggle has guide to the for mation of the oldest buckle down states that arose in Akkad, as well as in Sumer in the third millennium BC In the 24 degree Celsius BC magnate Sargon I (2369-2314 BC) linked under his conventionalism Sumer and Akkad, and created the early slave power, which became the capital city of Akkad (Agade, Sippar).\nSurviving documents auspicate the phylogeny of acres, found entirely on irrigation. Were carried out new channels, irrigation systems combine nationally. deliverance as a whole found on the public operation of the labor of slaves and freemen. Slaveholders looked at slaves as cattle, imposing on them the stamp of ownership. all(a) lands are considered to belong to the king. A hefty part of them is utilise by countrified communities and treated freemen. Kings modify part of common land and passed the nobles, the officials and force commanders. So in that location was a main(a) form of cloak-and-dagger ownership of land.\nSubsistence farming is still for the m ost part dominated. Evaluation of heterogeneous goods is sometimes do using bills or grain. With an change magnitude number of products create barter. Introduced a co-ordinated system of weights and measures. more or less cities have gained wider commercialized importance. With the development of bondage and trafficking was associated military policy. Akkad kings undertook campaigns to earmark prey, slaves, and expanding trade dealings with neighboring countries. Thus, Sargon I went to war to silvern mountains (of Taurus in Asia Minor) and cedar timber (Lebanon). Trade development accelerated affect of class stratification.